Planes Of Movement

Question 1

The body can be divided into different planes of movement, what are these three planes called and what are their movements?

Answer 1

Sagittal (forward and backward) frontal (sideways) and transverse (rotation, horizontal moves to the ground)

Question 2

Describe the frontal/coronal plane

Answer 2

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Question 3

Describe the Sagittal plane

Answer 3

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right

Question 4

Describe the horizontal/transverse plane

Answer 4

Divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

Question 5

How is the possible range of motion of a joint through a plane of movement measured?

Answer 5

In degrees

Question 6

How does elasticity of muscles, ligaments and tendons impact ROM (range of motion)

Answer 6

A person whose ligaments have stiffened through injury may suffer restricted movement of a joint

Question 7

What is the negative side effect of increasing flexibility in a joint?l and how can this be countered?

Answer 7

It may decrease stability. Injury can result and so a compromise has to be found between flexibility and stability in training

Question 8

How would flexion and extension movements be defined?

Answer 8

Flexion is bending a joint (The simplest examples are the arm bending at the elbow and the leg bending at the knee) extension is straightening the joint (examples of which are straightening the arm at the elbow or the leg at the knee.)

Question 9

What is lateral flexion?

Answer 9

Bending sideways

Question 10

What is horizontal flexion and extension?

Answer 10

Horizontal flexion is movement in a horizontal plane moving towards the midline of the body, horizontal extension is movement in a horizontal line away from the midline of the body

Question 11

What is hyperextension?

Answer 11

When a body segment is extended beyond its normal anatomical position

Question 12

Describe abduction movements

Answer 12

Movement away from the body (e.g lifting your arm sideways)

Question 13

Describe adduction movement

Answer 13

Adduction is moving (a limb for example) towards the midline of the body.

Question 14

What is ‘circumduction’ and what movements does it combine

Answer 14

Circular movements of a body segment, it combines flexion and extension, abduction and adduction

Question 15

What is the name given to palm up movements?

Answer 15

Supination

Question 16

What is the name given to palm down rotation movements?

Answer 16

Pronation

Question 17

What movement is the shoulder girdle capable of?

Answer 17

Elevation (shrugging shoulders) depression (downward shrugging movement) protraction (rounding the shoulders forwards) retraction (the opposite of protraction)

Question 18

What three movements is the foot capable of ?

Answer 18

Inversion, normal and eversion

Question 19

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 19

The pointing of the toes towards the ground