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GCSE History - American West > Plains Indians > Flashcards

Plains Indians Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the Great Plains?

A

large, flat grasslands

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2
Q

What were 2 physical barriers of the Great Plains?

A

rocky mountns. & mississippi river

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3
Q

What is a push factor?

A

something that pushes someone to move away from their home

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4
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

something that attracts someone to move somewhere

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5
Q

Give an example of a Plains Indians tribe

A

Sioux

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6
Q

What was a push factor for the Sioux moving onto the Great Plains?

A

other Indian nations pressuring with threat of attack

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7
Q

What was a pull factor for the Sioux moving onto the Great Plains?

A

lots of buffalo - continue nomadic lifestyle

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8
Q

Why were buffalo important to the Plains Indians way of life?

A

PI= nomadic & followed buffalo herd’s migration -> hunt them

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9
Q

What parts of the buffalo did the Plains Indians use? give examples

A

All of it! except <3
eg. skins = tipis, bladders = food bags

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10
Q

Why did the Plains Indians not use the buffalo heart?

A

left on Great Plains as believed to bring new life

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11
Q

What are 3 reasons horses were important to the Plains Indians way of life?

A

essential to hunting buffalo, raiding tribes for resources & transport

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12
Q

What are tipis made out of?

A

10-20 buffalo skins

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13
Q

Why were tipis important for the Plains Indians way of life?

A

practical for a nomadic lifestyle as women could put them up & down - 10 mins

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14
Q

What did the Plains Indians believe about land ownership?

A

could not be owned

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15
Q

Why was mining seen as disrespectful?

A

no one could own the land

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16
Q

What land was sacred to the Plains Indians? Why?

A

Black Hills of Dakota - believed to be closest to spirit world

17
Q

What was the Sun dance?

A

importany ceremony led by medicine man. Men tortured themselves & hoped to get guidance about questions they had

18
Q

How did boys gain their adult name?

A

go to sweat lodge for few days, to pray, fast and for Shaman to interpret visions to gain name

19
Q

How could spirits be contacted?

A

visions

20
Q

Why did the Plains Indians think circles were important?

A

believed everything has cycle

21
Q

What was scalping?

A

removing scalp of enemy so that they cannot get to afterlife

22
Q

Why did the Plains Indians ‘scalp’?

A

dying in battle was not heroic

23
Q

What was ‘Counting Coup’?

A

instead of killing enemy, touch him with coup stick and record by making notches on coup stick

24
Q

Why did the Plains Indians ‘Count coup’?

A

braver to touch enemy with coup stick than kill & increase rank as warrior

25
Q

Give 2 examples of weapons used.

A

bows & arrows
spears

26
Q

How were Plains Indians attitudes to warfare compared to the white settlers?

A

raids only happen if looked successful
American soldiers disagreed with retreating

27
Q

What was a warrior brotherhood?

A

younger men trained in warrior skills, beliefs & values

28
Q

What did warrior brotherhoods not believe in compared to American soldiers?

A

peace treaties

29
Q

What was manifest destiny?

A

White settlers belief that it was God’s will for them to ‘civilise ‘ West

30
Q

What was the Indian Removal Act?

A

1830 - PIs were forced to move onto Great Plains & thousands died Trail of Tears

31
Q

What was the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act? When was it?

A

1834 - establishment of the Permanent Indian Frontier

32
Q

What was the Permananent Indian Frontier and its impact?

A

boundary separating PIs & WSs - conflict & tension between PIs & WSs

33
Q

When did the USA gain the California territory?

A

1848 - after winning war with Mexico

34
Q

What was the impact of the USA gaining new territories in the West? eg. California

A

less freedom of movement for PIs & conflict from white army

35
Q

What was the Indians Appropriations Act? When was it created?

A

1851 - PIs had to move onto reservations to encourage farm life like WIs

36
Q

What was the impact of the Indians Appropriations Act on the Plains Indians?

A

changed culture - nomadic -> reservations

GCSE History - American West (6 decks)

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