Development of the plains c.1862 - c.1876 (part 2)

Question 1

By 1850s, which state was a major centre of cattle ranching?

Answer 1

texas

Question 2

In what year, did the no. of cattle in Texas reach 5 million?

Answer 2

1865

Question 3

Why were the Texas longhorn cattle herded North?

Answer 3

worth more in North eg. $5 in Texas -> $40 in Chicago

Question 4

In 1866, what cattle trail was set up?

Answer 4

Goodnight - Loving Trail

Question 5

What was the purpose of the Goodnight - Loving Trail?

Answer 5

provided safe route -> drive cattle North (Wyoming)

Question 6

What did the increase in cattle drives result in?

Answer 6

increased & size no. of cattle ranches in Texas

Question 7

Define cow towns.

Answer 7

large area of land where cattle would be kept & trnsprtd by rail

Question 8

Who created cow towns?

Answer 8

McCoy

Question 9

What did McCoy buy to ensure that his ‘cow towns’ were a success? Why?

Answer 9

100 boxcars = cows shipped from Abilene -> Chicago

Question 10

Why did Iliff set up a ranch? Where?

Answer 10

Denver - supply beef -> mining towns

Question 11

What did Illiff win in 1872?

Answer 11

contract supplying beef -> 7000 Sioux Indians

Question 12

What were ‘Cattle
Barons’ ?

Answer 12

large ranches & herds of cattle

Question 13

What sort of areas were ranches?

Answer 13

large, unfenced areas

Question 14

Why did cowboys work on ranches?

Answer 14

prevent cattle rustling

Question 15

When working on the long drive, how many cattle did 12 cowboys have to manage?

Answer 15

3000 cattle

Question 16

When working on the long drive, how many miles did cowboys have to take cattle? Why?

Answer 16

20 miles - take cattle to be sold -> North via railroad

Question 17

When working on the ranch, what did cowboys do?

Answer 17

round up herds & seperate accrdng -> ownrshp

Question 18

On the long drive, what did the trail - boss do?

Answer 18

made decisions on speed of drive & where to set up camp

Question 19

On the long drive, what did the chuck wagon do?

Answer 19

trnsprtd supplies

Question 20

On the long drive, what did the wrangler do?

Answer 20

cared for horses

Question 21

On the ranch, how did roles within the group change?

Answer 21

cowboys from several ranches = worked tghthr, under 1 boss

Question 22

Define outfit.

Answer 22

group of cowboys

Question 23

On the long drive, what were the employment terms?

Answer 23

owner of herd would hire outfit -> dlvr her by agrd time
work = seasonal & part time

Question 24

On the ranch, what were the employment terms?

Answer 24

work = year round & full time, fewer cowboys needed

Question 25

On the long drive, what were the living conditions?

Answer 25

• slept in opn
• ckd on opn fire
• vstd slns

Question 26

On the ranch, what were the living conditions?

Answer 26

• bunk houses tghtr
• access -> ckhses
• gmblng & alchl banned

Question 27

On the long drive, what were the difficulties and dangers?

Answer 27

• jrny took long time
• cattle = easily scared
• cowboys had -> ngtt prmssn -> cross Indian Trrtry

Question 28

On the ranch, what were the difficulties and dangers?

Answer 28

life = hard work, cowboys = no older that 20s

Question 29

What is a prospector?

Answer 29

miner for gold

Question 30

When was Little Crow’s War?

Answer 30

1861-1862

Question 31

What was the cause of Little Crow’s War?

Answer 31

• tribe strvng bc. gov hadn’t paid $1.4 million
• rsrvtns prvntd ability -> hunt

Question 32

What happened in Little Crow’s War?

Answer 32

PI attack gov. wrhses for food -> 700 WS killed

Question 33

What were the consequences of Little Crow’s War?

Answer 33

400 PI put on trial & mvd
-> smllr rsrvtn w no clean H2O

Question 34

When was the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 34

1864

Question 35

What caused the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 35

1859 - gold dscvrd @ Pikes Peaks & WS crssd PIs hntng grnd
PI thght WS = brkng FLT 1851

Question 36

What happened during the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 36

PI gvn smllr rsrvtns
sme trbs didn’t accpt terms = fghtng
1864 - US army klld 150 PI

Question 37

What were the consequences of the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 37

1867 - PI gvn new rsrvtns
violence cntnd bc PI attack WS kllng buffalo

Question 38

When was Red Cloud’s War?

Answer 38

1866-1868

Question 39

What was the cause of Red Cloud’s War?

Answer 39

1862 - gold discrvd & Bozeman Trail crtd for WS
-> crss Lakota Sioux lnds
FLT = brkn

Question 40

What happened in Red Cloud’s War?

Answer 40

Red Cloud attack wgn trns & PI stp WS usng Bozeman Trail -> laid seige to fort

Question 41

What were the consequences of Red Cloud’s War?

Answer 41

no soldrs/ trvllrs could use Bozeman Trail -> 1868 FLT
no Bozeman Trail = Great Sioux Rsrvtn

Question 42

What are 3 terms of Fort Laramie 1868?

Answer 42

• US gov abndn 3 forts & Bozeman Trail
• Red Cloud agrs -> move Sioux -> rsrvtn from BHoD -> MR
• PI split into rsrvtn = hard to act tgthr

Question 43

What are 3 terms of President Grant’s Peace Policy 1868?

Answer 43

• gov. trng -> bcm ‘American’
• rmvd Indian agents rnng rsvrtns
• army srrnd rsrvtns -> prtct PI & prvnt war prts lvng

Question 44

What were the terms of Indian Appropriations Act 1871?

Answer 44

• US gov stps trtng indpndnt svrgn ntns
• PI trdtd as individuals
• made all prvs trts btwn PI & US gov INVALID