Development of the plains c.1862 - c.1876 (part 2) Flashcards
By 1850s, which state was a major centre of cattle ranching?
texas
In what year, did the no. of cattle in Texas reach 5 million?
1865
Why were the Texas longhorn cattle herded North?
worth more in North eg. $5 in Texas -> $40 in Chicago
In 1866, what cattle trail was set up?
Goodnight - Loving Trail
What was the purpose of the Goodnight - Loving Trail?
provided safe route -> drive cattle North (Wyoming)
What did the increase in cattle drives result in?
increased & size no. of cattle ranches in Texas
Define cow towns.
large area of land where cattle would be kept & trnsprtd by rail
Who created cow towns?
McCoy
What did McCoy buy to ensure that his ‘cow towns’ were a success? Why?
100 boxcars = cows shipped from Abilene -> Chicago
Why did Iliff set up a ranch? Where?
Denver - supply beef -> mining towns
What did Illiff win in 1872?
contract supplying beef -> 7000 Sioux Indians
What were ‘Cattle
Barons’ ?
large ranches & herds of cattle
What sort of areas were ranches?
large, unfenced areas
Why did cowboys work on ranches?
prevent cattle rustling
When working on the long drive, how many cattle did 12 cowboys have to manage?
3000 cattle
When working on the long drive, how many miles did cowboys have to take cattle? Why?
20 miles - take cattle to be sold -> North via railroad
When working on the ranch, what did cowboys do?
round up herds & seperate accrdng -> ownrshp
On the long drive, what did the trail - boss do?
made decisions on speed of drive & where to set up camp
On the long drive, what did the chuck wagon do?
trnsprtd supplies
On the long drive, what did the wrangler do?
cared for horses
On the ranch, how did roles within the group change?
cowboys from several ranches = worked tghthr, under 1 boss
Define outfit.
group of cowboys
On the long drive, what were the employment terms?
owner of herd would hire outfit -> dlvr her by agrd time
work = seasonal & part time
On the ranch, what were the employment terms?
work = year round & full time, fewer cowboys needed
On the long drive, what were the living conditions?
- slept in opn
- ckd on opn fire
- vstd slns
On the ranch, what were the living conditions?
- bunk houses tghtr
- access -> ckhses
- gmblng & alchl banned
On the long drive, what were the difficulties and dangers?
- jrny took long time
- cattle = easily scared
- cowboys had -> ngtt prmssn -> cross Indian Trrtry
On the ranch, what were the difficulties and dangers?
life = hard work, cowboys = no older that 20s
What is a prospector?
miner for gold
When was Little Crow’s War?
1861-1862
What was the cause of Little Crow’s War?
- tribe strvng bc. gov hadn’t paid $1.4 million
- rsrvtns prvntd ability -> hunt
What happened in Little Crow’s War?
PI attack gov. wrhses for food -> 700 WS killed
What were the consequences of Little Crow’s War?
400 PI put on trial & mvd
-> smllr rsrvtn w no clean H2O
When was the Sand Creek Massacre?
1864
What caused the Sand Creek Massacre?
1859 - gold dscvrd @ Pikes Peaks & WS crssd PIs hntng grnd
PI thght WS = brkng FLT 1851
What happened during the Sand Creek Massacre?
PI gvn smllr rsrvtns
sme trbs didn’t accpt terms = fghtng
1864 - US army klld 150 PI
What were the consequences of the Sand Creek Massacre?
1867 - PI gvn new rsrvtns
violence cntnd bc PI attack WS kllng buffalo
When was Red Cloud’s War?
1866-1868
What was the cause of Red Cloud’s War?
1862 - gold discrvd & Bozeman Trail crtd for WS
-> crss Lakota Sioux lnds
FLT = brkn
What happened in Red Cloud’s War?
Red Cloud attack wgn trns & PI stp WS usng Bozeman Trail -> laid seige to fort
What were the consequences of Red Cloud’s War?
no soldrs/ trvllrs could use Bozeman Trail -> 1868 FLT
no Bozeman Trail = Great Sioux Rsrvtn
What are 3 terms of Fort Laramie 1868?
- US gov abndn 3 forts & Bozeman Trail
- Red Cloud agrs -> move Sioux -> rsrvtn from BHoD -> MR
- PI split into rsrvtn = hard to act tgthr
What are 3 terms of President Grant’s Peace Policy 1868?
- gov. trng -> bcm ‘American’
- rmvd Indian agents rnng rsvrtns
- army srrnd rsrvtns -> prtct PI & prvnt war prts lvng
What were the terms of Indian Appropriations Act 1871?
- US gov stps trtng indpndnt svrgn ntns
- PI trdtd as individuals
- made all prvs trts btwn PI & US gov INVALID
