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GCSE History - American West > Migration & Early settlement 2 > Flashcards

Migration & Early settlement 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was gold discovered? Who by?

A

1848 - James Marshall

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2
Q

When was the Gold Rush?

A

1849

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3
Q

How many miners migrated West, as a result of the discovery of Gold?

A

90,000

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4
Q

What were the 90,000 miners called?

A

49ers

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5
Q

What was a positive consequence of the Gold Rush?

A

boosted US economy, gave US ldng role in world trade

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6
Q

What is negative consequence of the Gold Rush? What was the result?

A

saloon owners moving -> make $$ from miners & violence was result of many men, gambling, prositution & alcohol

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7
Q

Why were shanty towns created? What was a downside to this?

A

quickly house miners - low stndrds of living = poor health

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8
Q

How many saloons were created? By when?

A

1853 - over 500

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9
Q

Why did people want to mine gold?

A

“get rich quick”

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10
Q

Define homesteaders.

A

settlers who had own land & farmed & built upon in Great Plains

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11
Q

What was a problem regarding water shortages of living & farming on the Great Plains?

A

short supply = crop failure from lack of of irrigation

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12
Q

What was a problem regarding weather of living & farming on the Great Plains?

A

extreme = crop failure eg. kansas - no rain for year

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13
Q

What was a problem regarding dirt & disease of living & farming on the Great Plains?

A

sod houses = difficult to clean -»attrcted pest & ppl living there got disease

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14
Q

What was a problem regarding natural disaster of living & farming on the Great Plains?

A

plagues & prairie fires= Rocky mountain grasshoppers caused crop damage ~ Nebraska

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15
Q

When was the Fort Laramie Treaty created?

A

17th September 1851

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16
Q

What was a cause of conflict for the Plains Indians?

A

found WS disrespectful -> land

17
Q

What was a cause of conflct for the white settlers?

A

manifest destiny

18
Q

What were the Plains Indians to do as a result of the Fort Laramie Treaty?

A
  • allow migrants -> travel safely though land
  • allow US gvrnmnt -> build army posts on their lands
19
Q

What were the US government to do as a result of the Fort Laramie Treaty?

A
  • protect PIs from WIs
  • pay annuity of $50,000 as long as treaty terms were kept
20
Q

What did the Fort Laramie Treaty lead to for the Plains Indians?

A

PIs bcme reliant on US gvrnmnt - annuity often came in form of essntal rsourcs

21
Q

Define lawlessness.

A

time of chaos bc. people ignoring law

22
Q

What is claim jumping?

A

miners stealing someone’s right to mine an area

23
Q

What is salting a claim?

A

conning people into buying worthless land

24
Q

What is a road agent?

A

gangs robbed travellers & gold prospcts. on road

25
Q

Why was murder a large problem in early towns & settlements?

A

increase in carrying arms

26
Q

How many people died due to the increase of carrying arms between 1863-1864?

A

31

27
Q

What was a highway robbery?

A

wagons of gold & silver = robbed

28
Q

How many highway robberies took place between 1863 - 1864 in Aurora?

A

7

29
Q

Why was racial tension a problem in early towns?

A

violence in camps due to mixd ethnicities & religions

30
Q

How did gangs become a problem in early towns?

A

rivals of gold miners & migrants = violence

31
Q

What percentage of women in Aurora were prostitutes?

A

50%

32
Q

How did alcohol and prositutes become a problem of lawlessness?

A

sold in mining camps
-> gun fights

33
Q

Define rowdyism.

A

drunk & disorderly conduct over women, gambling & mining

34
Q

What did vigilance committees do to tackle lawlessness?

A

identified suspects, tried & punished them

35
Q

What did mining committees do to tackle lawlessness?

A

list of rules to govern mining in district, court created & respected community member as judge

36
Q

How was racism tackled by government & local communities?

A

not alot done - often encouraged bc. gov. = racist

37
Q

What was a US marshal?

A

President appointed individual -> enforce law & order in a state & needed deputy

38
Q

What was a Town Marshal?

A

apppoint by towns people -> deal with local lawlessness

39
Q

What was a Sheriff?

A

county appointed & chased local lawbreakers

GCSE History - American West (6 decks)

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