Migration & Early settlement 2 Flashcards
When was gold discovered? Who by?
1848 - James Marshall
When was the Gold Rush?
1849
How many miners migrated West, as a result of the discovery of Gold?
90,000
What were the 90,000 miners called?
49ers
What was a positive consequence of the Gold Rush?
boosted US economy, gave US ldng role in world trade
What is negative consequence of the Gold Rush? What was the result?
saloon owners moving -> make $$ from miners & violence was result of many men, gambling, prositution & alcohol
Why were shanty towns created? What was a downside to this?
quickly house miners - low stndrds of living = poor health
How many saloons were created? By when?
1853 - over 500
Why did people want to mine gold?
“get rich quick”
Define homesteaders.
settlers who had own land & farmed & built upon in Great Plains
What was a problem regarding water shortages of living & farming on the Great Plains?
short supply = crop failure from lack of of irrigation
What was a problem regarding weather of living & farming on the Great Plains?
extreme = crop failure eg. kansas - no rain for year
What was a problem regarding dirt & disease of living & farming on the Great Plains?
sod houses = difficult to clean -»attrcted pest & ppl living there got disease
What was a problem regarding natural disaster of living & farming on the Great Plains?
plagues & prairie fires= Rocky mountain grasshoppers caused crop damage ~ Nebraska
When was the Fort Laramie Treaty created?
17th September 1851
What was a cause of conflict for the Plains Indians?
found WS disrespectful -> land
What was a cause of conflct for the white settlers?
manifest destiny
What were the Plains Indians to do as a result of the Fort Laramie Treaty?
- allow migrants -> travel safely though land
- allow US gvrnmnt -> build army posts on their lands
What were the US government to do as a result of the Fort Laramie Treaty?
- protect PIs from WIs
- pay annuity of $50,000 as long as treaty terms were kept
What did the Fort Laramie Treaty lead to for the Plains Indians?
PIs bcme reliant on US gvrnmnt - annuity often came in form of essntal rsourcs
Define lawlessness.
time of chaos bc. people ignoring law
What is claim jumping?
miners stealing someone’s right to mine an area
What is salting a claim?
conning people into buying worthless land
What is a road agent?
gangs robbed travellers & gold prospcts. on road
Why was murder a large problem in early towns & settlements?
increase in carrying arms
How many people died due to the increase of carrying arms between 1863-1864?
31
What was a highway robbery?
wagons of gold & silver = robbed
How many highway robberies took place between 1863 - 1864 in Aurora?
7
Why was racial tension a problem in early towns?
violence in camps due to mixd ethnicities & religions
How did gangs become a problem in early towns?
rivals of gold miners & migrants = violence
What percentage of women in Aurora were prostitutes?
50%
How did alcohol and prositutes become a problem of lawlessness?
sold in mining camps
-> gun fights
Define rowdyism.
drunk & disorderly conduct over women, gambling & mining
What did vigilance committees do to tackle lawlessness?
identified suspects, tried & punished them
What did mining committees do to tackle lawlessness?
list of rules to govern mining in district, court created & respected community member as judge
How was racism tackled by government & local communities?
not alot done - often encouraged bc. gov. = racist
What was a US marshal?
President appointed individual -> enforce law & order in a state & needed deputy
What was a Town Marshal?
apppoint by towns people -> deal with local lawlessness
What was a Sheriff?
county appointed & chased local lawbreakers
