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GCSE History - American West > Migration & Early settlement 1 > Flashcards

Migration & Early settlement 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Oregon Trail?

A

2000 mile journey for pioneers & their wagons to use to emigrate West

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2
Q

Who was the Oregon Trail created by? When?

A

1836 - Jed Smith

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3
Q

What was a push factor for emigrating West? What happened?

A

1837 economic depression - banks collapsed & savings lost

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4
Q

How did the economic depression lead to people emigrating West?

A

WSs wanted to start afresh & leave financial problems behind

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5
Q

What was a pull factor for emigrating West? What happened?

A

1842 - Pre-emption Act
allowed settlers to claim 160 acres = $1.25 an acre

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6
Q

How did the Pre-emption Act lead to people emigrating West?

A

settlers can cheaply plots of land = appealing

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7
Q

Who were the first people to use the Oregon Trail?

A

mountain men

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8
Q

How are mountain men an enabling factor for settlers emigrating West?

A

attracted to discovery of South Path mean that they could guide pioneers to Pacific Regions

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9
Q

How long did the migration West take?

A

8-9 months

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10
Q

What is a wagon train?

A

Chain of 20 wagons as a form of protection against attack from PIs

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11
Q

What conditions did pioneers face journeying West? Give 3 conditions.

A

water shortages
sandstorms
buffalo stampedes

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12
Q

How many people died on the journey West between 1840-1860?

A

34,000

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13
Q

What were 2 causes of death for people migrating West?

A

chlolera from rivers
crushed by wagons

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14
Q

Who led the Donner party?

A

Jacob & George Donner

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15
Q

Who were Jacob & George orignally leading?

A

group of 300 people with 60 wagons migrating West

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16
Q

What happened to the Donner party?

A

Conflict between members -> 80 decided to take short cut

17
Q

Where were the Donner party headed?

A

California

18
Q

When did the Donner party leave? What time do pioneers normally leave?

A

May 1846 - normally early April

19
Q

Why did the Donner party face problems?

A

80 people took a more dangerous & treacherous short cut = resorted to cannibalism as got stranded in the snow

20
Q

Define mormon.

A

member of the church of Jesus Christ, founded by Joseph Smith in America in 1830

21
Q

What did Joseph Smith believe?

A

angel had uncovered 2 gold plates & helped translate the language which became the Book of Mormon

22
Q

When was the Book of Mormon discovered?

A

1827

23
Q

Why did Joseph Smith’s followers face hostility? When & where did they move?

A

for their beliefs - 1831 Ohio

24
Q

Why were Joseph Smith’s followers forced to move from Ohio?

A

1837 economic depression -> other American’s envied mormon’s finanical security

25
Q

Why were the Mormon’s forced to move from Missouri?

A

Mormons were anti-slavery & friendly towards PIs but Missouri was slave state

26
Q

When did the Mormons leave Missouri?

A

1838

27
Q

What happened in Illinois in that meant that the Mormons were forced to go West?

A

Smith had preached polygamy = acceptable

28
Q

What did Joseph Smith’s teaching lead to? When was he killed?

A

arrested & killed 27th June 1845

29
Q

Who became the new leader of the Mormons after Joseph Smith?

A

Brigham Young

30
Q

Where did Brigham Young decided to relocate the Mormons?

A

Great Salt Lake

31
Q

Why did the Mormons relocate to Great Salt Lake?

A

unsafe living amongst non-Mormons & GSL under control of Mexico not US government

32
Q

What did Young lead at first to ensure a successful migration? Why?

A

pioneer band - ensure safety of route for wagons & to map it out

33
Q

Why was sending a pioneer band at first important?

A

Mormons could be prepared for journey by building fords over rivers, planting crops along way & planned resting places to prevent livestock dying of exhaustion

34
Q

What did Young’s leadership enable the Mormons to build?

A

self-sufficient settlement

35
Q

What was did the Mormons build as part of their settlement?

A

irrigation ditches - water supply

36
Q

What and how were resources provided by the settlement?

A

land, water & timber were all equally allocated to families

37
Q

What did the US government create to enable protection for the Mormons?

A

Territory of Utah

38
Q

What was the Perpetual Emigrating Fund?

A

set up to loan money to settlers to pay for journey to Utah

39
Q

How many converts reached Utah in 1855?

A

4000

GCSE History - American West (6 decks)

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