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unit 3 > placenta and fetal membranes > Flashcards

placenta and fetal membranes Flashcards

1
Q

fetal part of placenta

A

arises from trophoblast

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2
Q

are germ layers involved in placental development?

A

no, gastrulation uses epiblast cells

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3
Q

maternal part of placenta

A

arises from functional layer of endometrium

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4
Q

fetal membranes start

A

as thin tissue surrounding fluid-filled cavity

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5
Q

amniochorionic membrane

A

formed by amnion and chorion

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6
Q

umbilical vesicle

A

partially incorporated into body of embryo after folding, persists as location of intestinal development

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7
Q

allantois

A

pouch from wall of umbilical vesicle that forms template for umbilical vessels pathway

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8
Q

allantois becomes

A

urachus, ligament between umbilicus and urinary bladder

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9
Q

amnion

A

formed by epiblast cells, forms amniotic cavity/sac

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10
Q

amniotic fluid composition

A

water with suspended materials such as ions, small molecules, antibodies, hormones

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11
Q

what forms amniotic fluid?

A

fetal urine, amnion, and maternal blood

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12
Q

amniotic fluid function

A

protect, cushion, and lubricate; maintain temp; prevent infection; allow fetal movement; support organ growth

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13
Q

oligohydramnios

A

abnormally low amniotic fluid

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14
Q

oligohydramnios problem

A

problem between fetal urine and fetal blood; associated with renal genesis, uteri-placental insufficiency, PROM

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15
Q

polyhydramnios

A

abnormally high amniotic fluid

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16
Q

polyhydramnios problem

A

most often idiopathic, associated with anencephaly, esophageal atresia, pulmonary hypoplasia, maternal diabetes

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17
Q

chorion

A

gestational sac

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18
Q

chorion is made up of

A

extra embryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast

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19
Q

chorion gives rise to

A

chorionic villi which helps form fetal part of placenta

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20
Q

chorionic villi development goal

A

to grow and branch until contacting sufficient maternal blood within decidua

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21
Q

primary chorionic villi

A

clusters of cytotrophoblast cells, protruding from chorionic cavity

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22
Q

secondary chorionic villi

A

cover chorionic sac

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23
Q

tertiary chorionic villi

A

can see capillaries within

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24
Q

stem villi

A

reach decidua

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25
true villi
extend from stem villi
26
terminal villi
extend from true villi
27
anchoring villi
attach stem villi to cytotrophoblastic shell
28
cytotrophoblastic shell
formed when chorionic villi extend through syncytiotrophoblast and attach to decidua
29
what becomes the decidua
endometrium
30
decidual reaction
occurs after implantation, endometrial cells accumulate glycogens/lipids and swell to form an immunologically privileged site
31
three parts of the decidua
basalis, capsularis, parietalis
32
decidua basalis
deep to conceptus
33
decidua capsularis
superficial to conceptus
34
decidua parietalis
everything else
35
what forms the maternal part of the placenta
decidua basalis and decidua capsularis
36
what covers the chorionic sac
secondary chorionic villi
37
villus chorion
chorionic villi associated with decidua basalis that grew and became thick
38
smooth chorion
occurs when fetus grows and chorionic villi associated with decidua capsularis are compressed and degenerate
39
amniochorionic membrane
fusion of smooth chorion, amnion, and decidua parietalis
40
fetal part of the placenta is covered in
covered in amnion with the umbilical cord attached
41
maternal part of the placenta
adhered to the endometrium
42
cotyledons
visible structures of 2+ stem villi with incomplete septa of placenta
43
placenta is examined after birth for
cotyledons, they are counted to ensure no part of the placenta remains in the uterus
44
umbilical cord
conduit between placenta and embryo/fetus
45
umbilical cord contents
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein, surrounded by Wharton's jelly
46
why must umbilical arteries constrict quickly
to decrease neonatal blood loss
47
late cord clamping
recommended for full-term births
48
delayed cord clamping
recommended for preterm births
49
excessively long umbilical cord issues
fetal entanglement, cord prolapse, true cord knots
50
cord prolapse
umbilical cord slips in front of fetus after water breaks, can lead to birth asphyxia or death
51
cord knots
false knot (unconcerning) or true knot (can lead to birth asphyxia or death)
52
placental circulation
umbilical arteries bring blood to placenta and they split into many chorionic arteries, spiral arteries spurt maternal blood into intervillous spaces and villi are bathed in maternal blood
53
placenta exchange is
flow-limited, not diffusion-limited
54
intervillous spaces
drained by endometrial veins, blood reenters maternal circulation after
55
placenta accreta
abnormal adherence to myometrium
56
placenta increta
abnormal penetration into myometrium
57
placenta percreta
abnormal penetration through myometrium to uterine serosa
58
placenta previa
implants near or overlapping internal os due to implantation not occurring in superioposterior uterus
59
placental membrane layers up to week 20
syncytiotrophoblast cytotrophoblast connective tissue of chorionic villi endothelium of fetal capillaries
60
placental membrane layers after week 20
syncytiotrophoblast connective tissue of chorionic villi endothelium of fetal capillaries
61
what does not cross the placenta?
bacteria, heparin, IgS, IgM, insulin, pituitary hormone
62
Rh incompatibility
Rh- and Rh+ blood meet, issue the next time they meet
63
when is Rh incompatibility an issue
Rh- mom, Rh+ dad

unit 3 (13 decks)

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