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unit 3 > development of GI > Flashcards

development of GI Flashcards

1
Q

etiology of congenital umbilical hernia

A

incomplete closure of umbilical ring via abdominal wall musculature and fascia

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2
Q

when will a congenital umbilical hernia be most noticeable in infants?

A

when they are crying due to increased abdominal pressure

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3
Q

endoderm forms

A

forms epithelial lining and glands of GI mucosa, hepatocytes, pancreas

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4
Q

splanchnic mesoderm forms

A

all other components of GI layers, liver and biliary apparatus, pancreas connective tissue, spleen

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5
Q

neural crest cells form

A

enteric nervous sytem

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6
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

aganglionic distal intestine leading to chronic constipation and obstruction

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7
Q

gut tube at week 4 is connected to

A

umbilical vesicle at omphaloenteric duct

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8
Q

at week 4, the gut tube is suspended by what

A

ventral and dorsal mesentery

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9
Q

movement of the foregut

A

rotates 90º toward the left side of body in week 6 (right hand movement)

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10
Q

movement of the midgut and proximal hindgut

A

rotates 270º toward the right side of the body on superior mesenteric artery axis

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11
Q

formation of stomach

A

dilation forms in superior foregut and the dorsal border grows larger than the ventral border
week 6, stomach rotates 90º to left and tilts slightly

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12
Q

dorsal border of developing stomach becomes

A

greater curvature of the stomach

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13
Q

ventral border of developing stomach becomes

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

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14
Q

formation of duodenum

A

a C-shaped loop forms distal to the stomach; when it is in its final position it adheres to the body wall

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15
Q

endoderm proliferates in the caudal stomach to from

A

pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

formation of liver & biliary apparatus

A

hepatic diverticulum splits into a cranial and caudal bud and these organs are pulled to the right side of the body due to stomach rotation

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17
Q

hepatic diverticulum protrudes where

A

ventrally from the inferior foregut, extending into the septum transverse and ventral mesentery

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18
Q

cranial bud becomes

A

liver

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19
Q

caudal bud becomes

A

gallbladder

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20
Q

hepatic stalk becomes

A

biliary apparatus

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21
Q

formation of the pancreas

A

dorsal pancreatic bud protrudes in the distal foregut, ventral pancreatic bud protrudes in the hepatic stalk; pancreatic buds fuse together and part of it fuses to the body wall

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22
Q

why is the ventral pancreatic bud pulled to the right?

A

stomach rotation

23
Q

dorsal pancreatic bud becomes

A

head, neck, body, tail

24
Q

ventral pancreatic bud becomes

A

uncinate process

25
Q

insulin secretion starts when

A

week 10 (important because insulin cannot cross the placenta!)

26
Q

development of spleen

A
27
Q

due to stomach rotation, right CN X becomes

A

posterior vagal trunk

28
Q

due to stomach rotation, left CN X becomes

A

anterior vagal trunk

29
Q

ventral mesentery becomes

A

lesser omentum, falciform ligament, coronary ligament of liver

30
Q

dorsal mesentery becomes

A

greater omentum, mesentery proper

31
Q

umbilical herniation

A

normal herniation in which the developing intestines protrude via a midgut loop into the umbilical vesicle

32
Q

midgut formation

A

midgut loop elongates ventrally with two limbs, rotates 90º to the right at week 6 and another 180º at week 10

33
Q

cranial limb becomes

A

small intestines and forms intestinal loops

34
Q

caudal limb becomes

A

large intestines

35
Q

cranial limb moves which way at week 6

A

right

36
Q

caudal limb moves which way at week 6

A

left

37
Q

cecal diverticulum

A

forms an anti-mesenteric border of caudal limb

38
Q

which way does the appendix extend

A

retrocecal

39
Q

what parts of the LI are secondarily retroperitoneal

A

ascending and descending colon

40
Q

cloaca

A

expanded terminal hindgut that connects to allantois

41
Q

partitioning the cloaca

A
42
Q

most organs are

A

intraperitoneal

43
Q

the exceptions to this rule: primarily retroperitoneal

A

the very beginning and end of the GI tract are fixed points

44
Q

the exceptions to this rule: secondarily retroperitoneal

A

duodenum, pancreas (except tail), bare area of liver, ascending colon, descending colon

45
Q

sex independent inguinal canal development

A

gonads start to develop, gubernaculum connects caudal pole of gonads to labioscrotal folds, peritoneum along gubernaculum evaginates to form processes vaginalis, a temporary tube

46
Q

female specific inguinal canal development

A

ovaries descend into pelvis, gubernaculum becomes ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

47
Q

male specific inguinal canal development

A

testes descends through pelvis, inguinal canal, into scrotum; gubernaculum becomes scrotal ligament

48
Q

ileal diverticulum

A

remnant of the omphaloenteric duct; rule of 2

49
Q

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

distended abdomen, projectile non-bilious vomiting

50
Q

duodenal stenosis and atresia

A

narrowing of duodenum due to failure of duodenum to recanalize in week 8; vomit may contain bile

51
Q

annular pancreas

A

bifid ventral pancreatic bud or failure to fully rotate duodenum

52
Q

congenital omphalocele

A

herniated organs covered by peritoneum and amnion; caused by failure of physiological umbilical herniation to reduce

53
Q

anorectal malformations

A

incorrect partitioning of cloaca, could be a presence of a fistula or connection between urethra and rectum

unit 3 (13 decks)

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