chest wall and lungs Flashcards
3 major spaces of thoracic cavity
mediastinum, right pulmonary cavity, left pulmonary cavity
functions of thoracic cavity
- protect the thoracic and abdominal organs
- assist in breathing
- attachment and support for the upper limbs
- attachment of muscles
intercostal neuromuscular bundle contains
intercostal vein, intercostal artery, and thoracic spinal nerves
movements of the thoracic wall function
to increase or decrease intrathoracic volume
what is the primary muscle of respiration
the diaphragm
expiration results from what
passive recoil of the lungs
three openings of the diaphragm
caval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
caval opening
level of T8, for the inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve
esophageal hiatus
level of T10, esophagus passes in the right crus of the diaphragm
aortic hiatus
level of T12, for the thoracic duct, azygos/hemi-azygos veins, and aorta
why does paralysis cause the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm to ascend?
the contralateral hemidiaphragm descends
what is the purpose of a thoracentesis?
sample pleural fluid, remove blood or pus
thoracentesis
9th intercostal space superior to the 10th rib in the midaxillary line, angle the needle upward, completed during expiration
visceral pleura
covers lungs and is adherent to all its surfaces, including within the fissures
parietal pleura
lines the pulmonary cavity, adhering to the thoracic wall
