Placenta

Question 1

Which cell type in placenta secretes hormones?

Answer 1

Trophopblast

Question 2

Trophoblasts secrete what?

Answer 2

growth factors, immuno modulators, sex steroids, metabolic mediators (leptin, lactogen), neuromodulators (CRF and seratonin)

Question 3

Placenta has receptors for what hormones?

Answer 3

glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin like growth factors, leptin, gonadal hormones, cytokines, prostaglandins

Question 4

One big difference between human v rat placenta?

Answer 4

synthesis of estrogen

Question 5

placentas can be classified as

Answer 5

epitheliochorial, endotheliochorial, hemochorial (based on which of mother’s cells contact fetal trophoblast)

Question 6

Blood route in placenta

Answer 6

maternal blood enters the placenta from the uterus through the myometrium into the metrial gland, crosses the decidua, reaches the labyrinth layer, drains via the venous sinuses traversing the junctional zone into the decidua and exits via the metrial gland and the myometrium to the uterus

Question 7

functions of placenta

Answer 7

(1) to ensure delivery of maternal nutrients and blood gas (O2 and CO2) to the placenta, (2) to transfer nutrient and oxygen from the placenta to the developing fetus, (3) to produce hormones and growth factors, and (4) to protect the developing fetus against infections

Question 8

main components of rat placenta

Answer 8

decidua /metrial gland (maternal origin)
yolk sac, amnion membranes, basal zone (junctional zone)
labryinth and junctional zone (fetal, basal zone)

Question 9

Trophoblast (consists of cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast) describe each

Answer 9

cyto: slowing the maternal blood,
sync: Main site of exchange,form a layer that separates fetal and maternal circulation

Question 10

junctional zone function

Answer 10

production of steroids and peptide hormones
Spongiotrophoblast
Main structural component of the basal zone
Trophoblastic giant cells They are below the spongiotrophoblast layer, Phagocytic activity to mediate implantation, Major endocrine cell of the placenta
Glycogen cells

Question 11

decidua function

Answer 11

produce pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, growth factors and hormones

Question 12

commonalities/diff between rat and human placenta

Answer 12

both anti mesometrial, discoid,

differing names of structure: labryinth vs placental villi
basal zone v basal plate
labryinth v villous
rat placenta absence of aromatase !

Question 13

histological stages of human chorioamnionitis

Answer 13

Stage 1: lesion characterized by presence of neutrophils in the chorion or subchorionic space
Stage 2: a cluster of microabscessesneutrophilic infiltration of the chorionic connective tissue and/or amnion or chorionic plate
Stage 3: necrotizing chorioamnionitis with degenerating neutrophils

Question 14

What % of cells make up the leukocytes in chorioamnionitis?

Answer 14

60% neutrophils
10% macrophage
15% t cells

Question 15

neutrophils employ what in their defense?

Answer 15

NETs, ROS, antimicrobial enzymes, defensins, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase

Question 16

Whats in the labyrinth?

Answer 16

trophoblast

Question 17

What’s in the junctional zone?

Answer 17

spongio trophoblast, glycogen cells, trophoblastic giant cells