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KPH- Week 1 > Placenta > Flashcards

Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

what is the average weight of the placenta?

A

400-650G

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2
Q

what is the 1st thing that is done after the placenta is delivered?

A

check it is all in tact because if it is left it can cause infection

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3
Q

what can be seen on the chorionic side of the placenta?

A

chorionic vessels

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4
Q

what are the 3 vessels of the umbilical cord?

A

umbilical vein
2 umbilical arteries

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5
Q

what is wartins jelly?

A

protects the vessels of the umbilical cord from damage

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6
Q

what is the shiny surface of the placenta?

A

basal plate

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7
Q

what is the maternal side of the placenta?

A

basal plate

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8
Q

what provides the nutrients in early pregnancy?

A

glandular secretions From the endometrial glands

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9
Q

what are spiral arteries?

A

circular arteries that exist in the uterus outside of pregnancy
deliver blood to the placenta
blocked by the extravillous trophoblasts

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10
Q

what are extravillous trophoblasts?

A

leave the cytotrophoblast and invade the blood vessels in the endometrium
they end up blocking the vessels
can also invade the myometrium to a certain extent
invade the spiral arteries
remodelling the spiral arteries

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11
Q

what is the space that the blood enters around the villous trees called?

A

intervillous space

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12
Q

how long do the villi form plugs for?

A

until around week 12

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13
Q

during early pregnancy how is the syncytiotrophoblast layer maintained and renewed?

A

systematic replaced by the incorporation of the mononuclues of the cytotrophoblast which will last into the syncytiotrophpblast layer

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14
Q

how does placental nutrient transport work for maternal blood?

A

maternal blood (rich in oxygen and nutrients) flows from the uterine arteries into the large blood sinuses surrounding the villi then back into the uterine veins

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15
Q

how does the placental nutrient transport work for fetal blood?

A

fetal blood (low in oxygen and nutrients) flows through umbilical arteries to capillaries of the villi and returns through the umbilical vein to the foetus

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16
Q

what are the endocrine functions of the placenta?

A

production of human chorionic gonadotrophin
-takes over from the corpus luteum and produces oestrogen and progesterone and placental lactose

16
Q

what are the mechanisms of nutrient transport?

A

-diffuson
-paracellular diffusion
-transporter-meediated transfer
-endocytosis-exocytosis

17
Q

what produces HCG?

A

syncytiotrophoblast cells

18
Q

what is the function of HCG?

A

-can be detected in pregnancy tests
-maintains the corpus luteum before the placenta develops

19
Q

Which vessel transports blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the fetus?

A

umbilical vein

20
Q

what is the most common complication of pregnancy?

A

miscarriage

21
Q

what is miscarriage?

A

the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks (after 13 weeks - late miscarriage)

22
Q

what is stillbirth?

A

death of a baby after 24 weeks of gestation

23
Q

what is fetal growth restriction?

A

-failure to reach genetically pre-determined growth potential
-birth weight below 5th centile of growth charts
-affects 5-10% of pregnancies in UK
-increases risk of stillbirth, childhood morbidities and disease in adulthood

24
Q

what is pre-eclampsia?

A

new onset hypertension (>140mmHg systolic >90 diastolic) and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks
-can be serious for baby and mum
-if left untreated can progress to eclampsia

25
Q

what is the barker hypothesis?

A

inadequate nutrition in uterus programmes the foetus to have metabolic characteristics that can lead to future disease

26
Q

what is eclampsa?

A

life threatening conditions characterised by lateral seizures

27
Q

what is the real treatment for pre-eclampsia?

A

deliver the placenta

28
Q

what are the large lobes of the placenta that contain the villus tree?

A

cotyledons

KPH- Week 1 (7 decks)

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