PL 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
what is the ending used when two carboxyl groups are present in a molecule
-dioic acid
name the following molecules:
- CH3COOH
-CH3CH2COOH
- ethanoic acid
- propanoic acid
what is the name of a molecule that consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxyl group
- Benzenecarboxylic acid / Benzoic acid
what is the name of a molecule that consists of an arene ring attached to an -OH group
- phenol
name:
- CH3CH2COCH3
- CH3CH2CH2COCH3
- butanone
- pentan-3-one
name: CH3CH2CH2CHO
butanal
which organic molecule reacts with strong bases
what is the product?
how does it react?
- carboxylic acids
- alcohols do NOT
- form salts and water
- carbonate ion (CO3 2-) accepts hydrogen from COOH to become CO2 and H2O
carboxylic acid + carbonates = ?
= water + carbon dioxide
EXPLAIN how to test for COOH
- react sample with carbonates
- solution should face because of the production of carbon dioxide
which molecules form salts with METALS?
and what kind of reaction is it
- alcohols, carboxylic acids and phenols
- redox reaction
how do you make an ester (the normal way)
alcohol + carboxylic acid
- its REALLY slow unless you add a catalyst
- small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid (or HCl)
- heated under reflux
what type of reaction is esterification
- condensation reaction
define condensation reaction
- two molecules reacting together to make a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule, usually water of HCl.
esterification is a reversible reaction, so how do you increase the yield of ester?
- add the alcohol in excess
OR - distil the water off as it formed
(the acid catalyst also absorbs some water as it formed)
whats the reverse reaction of esterification called
- ester hydrolysis
what are the physical traits of esters
- they have strong sweet smells, usually floral or fruity
- organic compounds dissolve in them
how is an ester names
- oxygen side of COO is named first AKA alcohol side
- then carboxylic acid side AKA C side
what a condensation polymer
- polymers that are formed from condensation reaction
- monomers must have two functional groups
why is it harder to make esters with phenols
- the OH is phenols is less reactive that the OH in alcohols
- they need a more vigorous reactant
- acid anhydrides are used instead of carboxylic acids
name:
- CH3CH2NH2
- CH3CH(NH2)CH3
- ethylamine
- 2-aminopropane
describe and explain solubility of amines
- they are soluble in water
- lone pair of electrons on nitrogen allows amine to form hydrogen bonds with water
- amines with small alkyl groups are soluble
why are amines with large alkyl groups insoluble
- the energy needed to break the hydrogen bonds in water is more than the enthalpy change in the formation of new bonds between the alkyl group and water
