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Chem > pKa > Flashcards

pKa Flashcards

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1
Q

ALL LA are

A

Base drugs
weak bases
alkolotic

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2
Q

What form can pass the BBB? meaning more bioavailable

A

unionized, non-ionized, lipophilic

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3
Q

The more unionized the drug becomes, the ______ it works

A

faster

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4
Q

The farther away the pKa of the drug is from the Ph then the

A

more the ionized or unionized the drug becomes.

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5
Q

What is blood pH?

A

7.4

14 basic
0 acid

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6
Q

Acid is a proton (H) _______

A

donor

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7
Q

A base is a proton (Hydrogen ion)

A

acceptor

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8
Q

ALL LA are weak bases EXCEPT for

A

benzocaine

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9
Q

What is the pKa of benzocaine and how does it work when in body?

A

3.

Even though pKa is 3, it is still a weak base, becoming more basic makes the drug MORE UNionized and work quicker

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10
Q

When pH and pKa are the same,

A

50% of the drug will be ionized

50% of the drug will be unionized

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11
Q

For a drug to become ionized, it depends on 2 things,

A

pH of the solution

pKa of the drug

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12
Q

Do ionized substances have a charge?

A

yes, ions are molecules with a charge

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13
Q

Are ionized molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophilic

cannon cross blood brain barrier or placenta

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14
Q

Does an unionized substance have a charge?

A

no, they are neutral

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15
Q

Are unionized molecules lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

lipophilic, can cross BBB

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16
Q

All the LA have pKa >

A

7.6 (except benzocaine @ 3)

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17
Q

acid drugs unite with _______ charged ions such as ____, _____, _____ (essentially an electrolyte)

A

positively

Na+, Mg++, Ca++

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18
Q

if you see a salt drug i.e. sodium “drug”, calcium “drug”, magnesium “drug” you would recognize the drug as the salt base form of a ____ ______

A

weak acid

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19
Q

Sodium pentobarbital is a salt of a ______ _______

A

weak acid.

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20
Q

bases unite with ______ charges ions such as ________

A

negatively

as Cl- SO42-

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21
Q

If you were to see salts: “drug” chloride, “drug” sulfate, recognize them as the salt form of a _____ _______

A

weak base

22
Q

Lidocaine hydrochloride and morphine sulfate are salts of ______ ______

A

weak bases

23
Q

Lidocaine is injected into a badly infected foot, what will happen?

A

the infected area is more acidic. The LA is a weak base going into an acidic solution. Greater ionized portions and the medication will not work as well.

24
Q

explain fetal ion trapping

A

The pH of the fetus is lower than maternal pH. The circulating unionized drug crosses the placenta - once in fetal circulation the drug equilibrium is reestablished, with greater % of ionized ( now “trapped”)

25
Q

Organic molecules have 2 parts:

A

Carbon backbone

One or more functional groups

26
Q

Hydrocarbons are the _____ organic compound

A

simplest

Containing only a hydrogen and a carbon

27
Q

How are hydrocarbons linked?

A

Straight-chained, branch-chained, cyclic molecules

28
Q

What are the 4 hydrocarbon functional groups?

A

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatics

29
Q

T/F - all hydrocarbons are flammable

A

true - gasoline

30
Q

What is an alkane

A

C—C single bonded

simplest fuctional group

31
Q

What is an example of alkane

A

Ethane – methane

32
Q

What is another name for alkanes?

A

parafins

33
Q

If a hydrogen is removed from an alkane, it leaves an

A

“ALKYL” group

34
Q

Alkyl groups are named by replacing _____ on the alkane name with ____

A

“ane”

“yl”

35
Q

What is alkene

A

C=C double bonded

36
Q

What is an example of alkene

A

ethene

37
Q

What is more flexible, alkanes or alkenes

A

C-C single bonds of alkanes allows free rotation @ C-C bond.

Alkenes C=C bond freezes the rotation making alkenes less flexible than alkanes.

38
Q

Do alkanes or alkenes produces a stronger reaction?

A

Alkenes

39
Q

What is alkynes

A

C///C triple bond

40
Q

Aormatics is the _______ ring, and frequently acts as the…

A

benzene

structural element in medication

41
Q

Our anesthetic gases are

A

haloALKANES

some sort of halogenated agent, group 7 on periodic table

42
Q

Oxidation and reduction occur until

A

everything balances out

43
Q

Can we use propofol in someone who as a soy or egg allergy?

A

YES

44
Q

Aromatics are called

A

phenols

45
Q

Replacing once H ion on the HOH yields _______, replacing the second H ion yields _____

A

alcohol (R-O-H)

ether (R-O-R)

46
Q

Most chemical reactions are reversible, this is known as

A

dynamic equilibrium

47
Q

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition. Who’s prinicple is this?

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle

example is HBG

48
Q

Why is salt added to ice cream?

Why is salt added to boiling water?

A

Lowers the freezing point

Increases the boiling point

49
Q

Methanol breaks down into ________ in the liver and kills you

A

formaldehyde

50
Q

Why is Cisatracurium good for renal failure patients?

A

goes through Hoffman elimination so broken down in the blood

Chem (4 decks)

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