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Chem > Gas Laws > Flashcards

Gas Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

1 atm = ? torr

A

760 torr

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2
Q

at STP, 1 mole of an ideal gas =

A

22.4L

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3
Q

4 quantities that describe the state of a gas

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Pressure
  3. Volume
  4. # of moles
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4
Q

What law says volume and pressure are inversely related at a constant temp

A

Boyles Law

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5
Q

What is an example of Boyles law

A

Bambu bag - squeezing ambu bag increases volume in intrathoracic cavity but decreases pressure

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6
Q

What law does Plethysmography use?

A

Boyles law

measurement of functional residual capacity

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7
Q

What law says volume is directly proportional to temperature at a constant pressure?

A

Charles Law

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8
Q

Charles law states if
temp increases, volume _______
temp halved, volume _______

A

increases

halved

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9
Q

The Kelvin scale is *C +

A

273

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10
Q

What is Room Air kelvin?

A

294

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11
Q

What is a clinical example using Charles Law?

A

pressure in ETT cuff

When you put a cold ETT cuff inside a warm patient, volume expands

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12
Q

What law says temperature is directly proportional to pressure if the volume is constant?

A

Gay-Lussac’s Law

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13
Q

What is an example of Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

As gas is released, liquid in tank vaporizes and heat is lost. As temperature in cylinder falls – pressure drops

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14
Q

Who’s law describes the number of molecules in a mole of gas?

A

Avogadros Number

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15
Q

What is Avogadros number?

A

22.4L

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16
Q

What is Avogadros equation?

A

6.022 X 10^23rd

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17
Q

If I have 3 moles, how many liters?

A

67L. (22.4X3)

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18
Q

True or False: Ideal gas laws do not exist?

A

True

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19
Q

What is the ideal gas law equation?

A

PV=nRT

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20
Q

Gas density depends strongly on ______ and ______

A

Temperature

Pressure

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21
Q

Non reactive gases volumes are ______

A

additive

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22
Q

What does Daltons Law state?

A

Total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3…

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23
Q

What is the partial pressure of N20 and O2 if they are delivered to the patient in a 70/30 mixture?

A 
N2O = 532  (760 x 0.7)
O2 = 228      (760 x 0.3)
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24
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in the mountains if the Patm is 550mmhg?

A

116mmHg (550 x 0.21)

25
Q

What does relative humidity measure?

A

measures the saturation of water in air

26
Q

Warmer air will hold _____ water

A

more

27
Q

If temperature goes down, relative humidity goes ___

A

up

28
Q

When relative humidity reaches 100%, what happens?

A

some moisture will evaporate out - dew

29
Q

Kinetic Theory of Gases - assumes that the molecules are very _____ relative to the distance between molecules. The molecules are in _______, random motion and frequently ______ with each other and with the walls of any container.

A

small
constant
collide

30
Q

In kinetic theory of gases, there are no attractive nor repulsive forces between the gas particles, thus collisions are

A

elastic

31
Q

Average kinetic energy depends on

A

temperature

32
Q

internal energy =

A

kinetic energy + potential energy

cylinder

33
Q

What is average speed?

A

Relationship between kinetic energy and temperature

KE= 3/2 kT

34
Q

What is the average speed of oxygen molecules at room temp? (25*C)

A

1,078 mph

35
Q

What does Grahams law discuss?

A

diffusion principales

36
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of a substance from higher concentration to area of lower concentration

37
Q

What is effusion?

A

movement of gas through a small opening

38
Q

What is an example of Grahams Law of Effusion?

A

when you give a patient Isoflurane, high concentration in lungs – it wants to diffuse to lower concentrations in the blood, same thing with brain until it reaches equilibrium

39
Q

What is Ficks Law?

A

Rate of diffusion depends on chemical nature of membrane, partial pressure gradient, thickness of the membrane

40
Q

Diffusion rate directly proportional to

A

o Partial pressure gradient
o Membrane area
o Solubility of gas in membrane

41
Q

Diffusion rate inversely proportional to

A

o Membrane thickness

o Sq. root of molecular weight

42
Q

What gas displays a rapid diffusion rate across the alveolar membrane

A

nitrous oxide

43
Q

What is perfusion limitation?

A

Principal factor limiting blood transport of N2O away from the lungs is merely the rate of blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries

44
Q

Ficks Law describes what 4 effects?

A

o Concentration effect
o Second gas effect
o Diffusion hypoxia
o Why N2O leads to increase in volume or increase in pressure in gas spaces in the body

45
Q

Even though CO2 is larger than O2, CO2 diffuses 20x faster across the alveolar and capillary membranes because it is 20x more

A

Soluble

46
Q

The process by which the fetus receives O2 and drugs is

A

Simple diffusion

47
Q

Diffusion of a gas from alveoli to blood (or back out) requires

A

A difference in partial pressure

48
Q

What is Henreys Law?

A

Amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to PP of the gas as long as temp remains constant

49
Q

According to Henreys Law, the colder the liquid, the _____ gas that will dissolve in the liquid

A

More

colder patients takes longer to wake up

50
Q

Dissolved O2 in blood is ____ml/100ml

Dissolved CO2 in blood is ___ml/100ml blood

A
  1. 003

0. 067

51
Q

The higher the coefficient the more readily the gas dissolves in the liquid. (ie blood / gas) - this describes who’s coefficient?

A

Ostwald’s Solubility Coefficient

52
Q

Enflurane blood:gas solubility is 1.8 (high), will require higher uptake into the blood and induction will be _____

A

slower

53
Q

Higher partition coefficient = higher _______ = higher ______ = higher ______

A

lipophilicity
potency
solubility

54
Q

Which volatile anesthetic is the least potent, on and off quick

A

Des

55
Q

Meyer-Overton states that

A

Agents with increased oil solubility have greater potency.

56
Q

Vander Waals relationship assumes that gas molecules

A

have finite volumes and that gas molecules attract one another

57
Q

What is the Joule-Thompson effect?

A

As a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the cylinder cools.

58
Q

What is Adiabatic Compression

A

Compressing volume creates heat

Back of anesthesia machine, yokes – high pressure

59
Q

Putting Des (H) in a vaporizer meant for Iso (L) will cause _______ concentration

A

higher

Chem (4 decks)

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