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Chem > Chemistry Review - Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Chemistry Review - Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of matter and it’s changes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

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3
Q

Building block of matter. Comprised of protons, neutrons, electrons.

A

Atoms

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4
Q

What charge do protons have and what is its mass?

A

Positive charge

1 amu

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5
Q

What charge do neutrons have and what is its mass?

A

Neutral charge

1 amu

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6
Q

What charge do electrons have and what is its mass?

A

Negative charge

mass is irrelevant

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7
Q

atoms/groups of atoms bonded together with a net charge

A

Ion

cation/anion

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8
Q

How are cations charged?

A

positive charge

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9
Q

How are anions charged?

A

negative charge

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10
Q

Elements only have ____ type of atom

A

1

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11
Q

more than one kind of atom in a fixed ratio by mass

A

compound

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12
Q

groups of atoms chemically bonded together into a discrete unit by covalent bonds. Neutral charge.

A

Molecules

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13
Q

Contain both positive and negatively charged ions with no identifiable units. Attracted by charged and are not molecules.

A

Ionic compounds

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14
Q

What is a physical change?

A

no change in the chemical makeup

Ex: melting ice

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15
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

always makes a chemically different substance

Ex: 2H2O –> 2H2 + O2

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16
Q

may be observed/ measured without changing the chemical makeup.

A

physical property

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17
Q

What is intensive physical property?

A

integral to the material, regardless of amount (Ex: color)

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18
Q

What is extensive physical property?

A

Depends on sample size

Ex: volume

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19
Q

describes the type of chemical changes the material tends to undergo (Ex: flammable)

A

chemical property

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20
Q

Boiling water to steam is an example of what property change

A

physical change

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21
Q

Liquid is an example of what property

A

Physical property – intensive

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22
Q

mass is an example of what property

A

Physical property - extensive

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23
Q

pure materials that can’t be physically separated into simpler components

A

Substances

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24
Q

What are mixtures?

A

2 or more pure substances

Physical processes can separate the mixture into simpler substances

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25
Q

What is homogenous mixture?

A

uniform in physical and chemical properties throughout the whole sample (ex: normal saline)

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26
Q

What is heterogenous mixture?

A

Distinct phase boundaries where chemical and/or physical properties change (ex: emesis)

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27
Q

Protons and neutrons are located where?

A

In the nucleus

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28
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

surround the nucleus in cloud-like orbitals

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29
Q

All atoms have protons and electrons, and all contain neutrons except for

A

hydrogen

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30
Q

mass (A) =

A

Z+N

Z= number of protons, determines identity
N= number of neutrons
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31
Q

_______ and ______ should be equal, but there can be a different amount of neutrons

A

Protons and electrons

neutrons

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32
Q

True or False : The mass number can never be smaller than the atomic number

A

True

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33
Q

TC 99/43

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Weight

A

Protons 43
Neutrons 56 (99-43=56)
Electrons 43
Weight 99 amu

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34
Q

same atomic number, different mass number (diff number of neutrons, same protons)

A

Isotopes

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35
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. Elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles called _____. All atoms of a given element are ______ and unique to that element

A

Atoms

Identical

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36
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a ______ ratio.

A

fixed

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37
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Chemical reactions do not _____, _____, or ______ atoms into atoms of other elements. Chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances.

A

Create, destroy or change

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38
Q

In the periodic table, elements are in order of increasing

A

Atomic number

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39
Q

In the periodic table, vertical lines are

A

groups/families

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40
Q

In the periodic table, rows are

A

Adding electrons to energy levels, electron shells

41
Q

The element at the end of the row has the outer shell full of

A

electrons

42
Q

How many electrons can fit in the innermost orbital?

A

2

43
Q

How many electrons can fit every orbital other than the innermost

A

8

44
Q

Flourine has how many electrons? How many to fill orbital? What is its charge?

A

Electrons - 7
1 to fill orbital
charge -1 (takers carry a negative charge)

45
Q

The weight on the Periodic Table is an

A

average of all isotopes

46
Q

What elements are in the high rises on the left and right

A

Representative elements

47
Q

What elements are the connector between the representative elements (higher charge 2-3+)

A

Transition elements

48
Q

What elements are those at the bottom of the table.

A

Inner transition elements

49
Q

Most elements are ______ and are on the left side of the table.

A

metals

50
Q

What are the properties of metal?

A 
Shiny luster
Ductile (make into wire)
Malleable (shape by force)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
React to form cations by giving away electrons
51
Q

_______ are on the right side of the table/

A

Non-metals (liquids/solids/gases)

52
Q

Where are metalloids located on the table?

A

along the latter and are semiconductors of electricity

53
Q

In the periodic table, most elements are_______

A

Solid

54
Q

Mercury and bromine are liquids, although gallium will do what?

A

Melt in your hands

55
Q

What are 5 of the Noble gases

A

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine

56
Q

What is electricity?

A

the flow of charged particles under the influence of an electric field

57
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

substance that dissolves in water to give a solution conductivity

58
Q

Is water an electrolyte?

A

No, non-electrolyte

59
Q

How is aluminum found in nature?

A

Combined, must be synthesized

60
Q

What is aluminum found in?

A

Antiperspirants, antacids

61
Q

In what patients should you avoid aluminum

A

dialysis pts or pts with poor kidney function

62
Q

What do we use barium for in healthcare?

A

Radiographic GI studies

Heavy metal, relatively opaque to Xrays

63
Q

Barium is very toxic, but why doesn’t it build up?

A

No ion channel to absorb barium, will be excreted easily

64
Q

What did Elvis die from?

A

He had terrible peristalsis, he had MANY barium studies. On autopsy, they found a ton of barium in his gut.

65
Q

Bromium is one of 2 what?

A

Naturally occurring liquids

66
Q

Is Ca found naturally?

A

No, not found in elemental form

67
Q

What is Ca used for in the body?

A

Muscle contraction, bone stability, teeth

68
Q

If a pt has torsades, why should you give Ca before mag?

A

To stabilize the myocardium

69
Q

What is Ca found in?

A

Antacide, phosbinders

70
Q

How to phos binders work, and why do we give them to dialysis its?

A

Ca bind to the phos and stabilize on another, makes it easy to be excreted

71
Q

Carbon has activated charcoal, which is used in what?

A

Overdoses

72
Q

Why is carbon found in almost everything?

A

Highly versatile

73
Q

Why is Ca very constipating

A

In its ability to stabilize the muscle, it also slows down the GI tract, can happen if take too many tums

74
Q

What is Cl found in?

A

table salt, Normal and 1/2 normal saline, disinfectants

75
Q

What must you use to kill c-diff spors

A

must use clorine based bleach to clean spores

76
Q

Where is chromium used for in healthcare?

A

found in stainless steel, implants

77
Q

Is copper a good conductor?

A

YES

78
Q

Flourine is a yellow poisonous gas, but sodium fluoride is used to

A

strengthen teeth, toothpaste

79
Q

Helium is found where in the hospital?

A

MRI coolant

80
Q

Hydrogen is the most common what?

A

Most common atom in the universe

81
Q

Where is iodine found?

A

Topical anesthetics, antithyroid medication

82
Q

Where is iron found in the body?

A

Found in each hemoglobin molecule to transport oxygen through the blood

83
Q

Why would you give iron to an anemic patient?

A

To help the oxygen carrying capacity

84
Q

Lithium is used as what for bipolar pts?

A

Mood stabilizer

85
Q

Lithium and sodium look and _______ alike. Same vertical column on periodic table

A

smell

86
Q

What must you do in order to get potassium levels up in a hypokalemic pt?

A

have to bring mag up before replace K.

K will not improve until you replace mag (get mag to 2)

87
Q

What is medications is mag used in?

A

Tocolytics, laxatives

88
Q

Nitrogen supplies a _____ to make it more positively charge to make it more hydrophilic

A

+ ion

89
Q

Nitrogen is found in anesthetic gas as

A

nitrous oxide (N2O)

90
Q

Oxygen has a strong tendency to accept elections, with is important in

A

ATP synthesis

91
Q

Where is Phos is found in the body?

A

RNA/DNA and ATP

92
Q

Low phos can cause

A

Brittle bones, respiratory failure

93
Q

Potassium has an inverse relationship to

A

Insulin

94
Q

what is is significance of K in refeeding syndrome

A

When you reintroduce food, body is in starvation mode, it releases a “mega” amount of insulin in response to that. Then you see a massive drop in electrolytes.

95
Q

What are some medications that effect potassium?

A

Ace inhibitors, loop diuretics

96
Q

High or low K will cause what in the heart?

A

Arrhythmia

97
Q

Why is sodium important in the body (3 things)

A

muscle contraction/CNS stability/ water balance (if Na to high, water will follow it)

98
Q

What is titanium used for in healthcare?

A

Implants

99
Q

What is zinc found in?

A

Calamine lotion, sunblock, wound healing, cold symptom relief

Chem (4 decks)

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