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PHARMA 3 > Pituitary_Gland_Expanded_Flashcards > Flashcards

Pituitary_Gland_Expanded_Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary diagnostic methods for pituitary disorders?

A

Clinical history, physical exam, hormonal assays, imaging (MRI/CT), and specialized tests like water deprivation and suppression tests.

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2
Q

What test is used to diagnose acromegaly?

A

Glucose tolerance test; normally, GH decreases with glucose intake, but it does not in acromegaly.

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3
Q

What imaging techniques are used to identify pituitary tumors?

A

MRI or CT scans.

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4
Q

What does a water deprivation test diagnose?

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI).

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5
Q

What are the treatment options for pituitary adenomas?

A

Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and medical therapy such as dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogs.

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6
Q

What is the primary surgical method for pituitary tumors?

A

Transsphenoidal resection.

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7
Q

What drugs are used to treat acromegaly?

A

Dopamine agonists (e.g., Bromocriptine),
somatostatin analogs (e.g., Octreotide),
and GH receptor antagonists (e.g., Pegvisomant).

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8
Q

What is the treatment for hyperprolactinemia?

A

Dopamine agonists such as Cabergoline or Bromocriptine.

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9
Q

What medications are used for Cushing’s Disease?

A

Adrenal inhibitors like Ketoconazole or Spironolactone.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for central Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Desmopressin (ADH analog).

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11
Q

What is the treatment for nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Thiazide diuretics.

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12
Q

What treatment is used for SIADH?

A

Fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, and medications like Demeclocycline or Tolvaptan.

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13
Q

What is Desmopressin used for?

A

Treating central DI, nocturnal enuresis in children, and post-lumbar puncture headaches.

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Desmopressin?

A

Water intoxication, nausea, hyponatremia, and hypotension.

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15
Q

What are the treatment options for GH deficiency?

A

Somatropin (synthetic GH) and Mecasermin (recombinant IGF-1).

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16
Q

What are the clinical uses of Somatropin?

A

Growth failure, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and HIV-associated wasting.

17
Q

What is the management strategy for panhypopituitarism?

A

Hormone replacement therapy for all deficient hormones and addressing the underlying cause.

18
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Cushing’s Disease?

A

Dexamethasone suppression test.

19
Q

What is the function of Vasopressin analogs?

A

Act as ADH to treat central DI and related conditions.

20
Q

What medications act as Vasopressin antagonists?

A

Conivaptan and Tolvaptan, used to treat SIADH.

21
Q

What is the main use of Oxytocin in clinical practice?

A

Induce labor, control postpartum hemorrhage, and stimulate milk ejection.

22
Q

What are the side effects of Oxytocin?

A

Hypertensive episodes, uterine rupture, fetal asphyxia, and water intoxication.

23
Q

What is Atosiban used for?

A

An Oxytocin antagonist used to manage preterm labor.

24
Q

What is the primary cause of SIADH?

A

Excessive ADH secretion leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.

25
Q

What are the symptoms of SIADH?

A

Lethargy, confusion, cerebral edema, muscle cramps, and decreased urine output.

26
Q

What is the major symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Polyuria of more than 3 liters in 24 hours in adults.

27
Q

What tests confirm Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Serum sodium levels, urine osmolality, and vasopressin response tests.

28
Q

What hormones are deficient in panhypopituitarism?

A

Both anterior and posterior pituitary hormones.

29
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing’s Disease caused by a pituitary tumor?

A

Surgery to remove the tumor or adrenalectomy if necessary.

30
Q

What dietary modifications are suggested for Cushing’s Disease?

A

Low calorie, low carbohydrate, low salt, and high potassium diet.

PHARMA 3 (14 decks)

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