Pituitary_Gland_Expanded_Flashcards
What are the primary diagnostic methods for pituitary disorders?
Clinical history, physical exam, hormonal assays, imaging (MRI/CT), and specialized tests like water deprivation and suppression tests.
What test is used to diagnose acromegaly?
Glucose tolerance test; normally, GH decreases with glucose intake, but it does not in acromegaly.
What imaging techniques are used to identify pituitary tumors?
MRI or CT scans.
What does a water deprivation test diagnose?
Diabetes Insipidus (DI).
What are the treatment options for pituitary adenomas?
Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and medical therapy such as dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogs.
What is the primary surgical method for pituitary tumors?
Transsphenoidal resection.
What drugs are used to treat acromegaly?
Dopamine agonists (e.g., Bromocriptine),
somatostatin analogs (e.g., Octreotide),
and GH receptor antagonists (e.g., Pegvisomant).
What is the treatment for hyperprolactinemia?
Dopamine agonists such as Cabergoline or Bromocriptine.
What medications are used for Cushing’s Disease?
Adrenal inhibitors like Ketoconazole or Spironolactone.
What is the treatment for central Diabetes Insipidus?
Desmopressin (ADH analog).
What is the treatment for nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Thiazide diuretics.
What treatment is used for SIADH?
Fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, and medications like Demeclocycline or Tolvaptan.
What is Desmopressin used for?
Treating central DI, nocturnal enuresis in children, and post-lumbar puncture headaches.
What are the side effects of Desmopressin?
Water intoxication, nausea, hyponatremia, and hypotension.
What are the treatment options for GH deficiency?
Somatropin (synthetic GH) and Mecasermin (recombinant IGF-1).
What are the clinical uses of Somatropin?
Growth failure, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and HIV-associated wasting.
What is the management strategy for panhypopituitarism?
Hormone replacement therapy for all deficient hormones and addressing the underlying cause.
What is the diagnostic test for Cushing’s Disease?
Dexamethasone suppression test.
What is the function of Vasopressin analogs?
Act as ADH to treat central DI and related conditions.
What medications act as Vasopressin antagonists?
Conivaptan and Tolvaptan, used to treat SIADH.
What is the main use of Oxytocin in clinical practice?
Induce labor, control postpartum hemorrhage, and stimulate milk ejection.
What are the side effects of Oxytocin?
Hypertensive episodes, uterine rupture, fetal asphyxia, and water intoxication.
What is Atosiban used for?
An Oxytocin antagonist used to manage preterm labor.
What is the primary cause of SIADH?
Excessive ADH secretion leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
What are the symptoms of SIADH?
Lethargy, confusion, cerebral edema, muscle cramps, and decreased urine output.
What is the major symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?
Polyuria of more than 3 liters in 24 hours in adults.
What tests confirm Diabetes Insipidus?
Serum sodium levels, urine osmolality, and vasopressin response tests.
What hormones are deficient in panhypopituitarism?
Both anterior and posterior pituitary hormones.
What is the treatment for Cushing’s Disease caused by a pituitary tumor?
Surgery to remove the tumor or adrenalectomy if necessary.
What dietary modifications are suggested for Cushing’s Disease?
Low calorie, low carbohydrate, low salt, and high potassium diet.
