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PHARMA 3 > Antiviral_part1_Flashcards > Flashcards

Antiviral_part1_Flashcards

1
Q

What are viruses classified as in terms of replication?

A

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

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2
Q

What are the general principles of antiviral drugs?

A
  • Target a specific step in the virus life cycle.
  • Timing of starting treatment is crucial.
  • Duration of treatment varies.
  • Number of drugs used may be specific.
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3
Q

For which diseases is antiviral therapy available?

A
  1. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  2. Influenza virus
  3. Herpesviruses (e.g., HSV, VZV, CMV)
  4. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
  5. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  6. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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4
Q

What is the clinical significance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A

RSV is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection.

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5
Q

What type of virus is RSV?

A

RSV is an RNA-enveloped virus.

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6
Q

What does the envelope of RSV contain, and what is its role?

A

The envelope contains a fusion protein, which helps in viral attachment.

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7
Q

What is Palivizumab, and what is its mechanism of action?

A

Palivizumab is an entry/fusion inhibitor. It binds to the fusion glycoprotein of RSV, preventing viral entry and replication.

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8
Q

What are the clinical uses of Palivizumab?

A

Prevention of RSV infections in high-risk infants. Administered intramuscularly.

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9
Q

What are the highlighted properties of Palivizumab?

A
  • It is an antibody.
  • Targets fusion proteins.
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10
Q

What is Ribavirin used for?

A

Ribavirin is used to treat Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?

A
  1. Interferes with the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate.
  2. Inhibits capping of viral messenger RNA.
  3. Inhibits viral RNA-dependent polymerase.
  4. Inhibits the replication of both DNA and RNA viruses.
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12
Q

What is the mode of administration for Palivizumab?

A

Palivizumab is administered intramuscularly.

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13
Q

What is the cost-related note for Palivizumab?

A

Palivizumab is expensive.

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14
Q

What role does the fusion protein play in RSV?

A

It aids in viral attachment and subsequent entry into the host cell.

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15
Q

Which two drugs are mentioned in the context of antiviral therapy for RSV?

A

Palivizumab and Ribavirin.

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16
Q

What are the clinical uses of aerosolized Ribavirin?

A

It is used to treat severe RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia and reduces the severity and duration of illness.

17
Q

When should treatment for the influenza virus begin?

A

Treatment should start within 48 hours after the onset of illness.

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Amantadine and Rimantadine?

A

They block the M2 ion channel of the viral membrane, preventing the uncoating of the RNA virus, thus stopping replication.

19
Q

What are the uses of Amantadine and Rimantadine?

A

Treatment of influenza A infections. Prophylaxis of influenza A infections.

20
Q

What are the limitations of Amantadine and Rimantadine?

A

Their use is limited due to a high rate of resistance.

21
Q

How are Amantadine and Rimantadine administered?

A

They are oral drugs.

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Baloxavir?

A

Baloxavir prevents the capping of viral mRNA, inhibiting replication of the virus.

23
Q

How is Baloxavir administered?

A

It is given as a single oral dose.

24
Q

What are the uses of Baloxavir?

A

It is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B infections.

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir?

A

They are neuraminidase inhibitors that prevent the release of newly formed virions from the cell surface, reducing the spread of infection in the respiratory tract.

26
Q

How is Oseltamivir administered?

A

It is an oral drug.

27
Q

How is Zanamivir administered?

A

It is administered by inhalation.

28
Q

How is Peramivir administered?

A

It is administered intravenously.

29
Q

What are the clinical uses of Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir?

A

Treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B infections. Reducing the severity and duration of influenza symptoms and associated complications.

30
Q

What is a notable characteristic of neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

They target the neuraminidase enzyme to prevent the release of virions, thus limiting viral spread.

PHARMA 3 (14 decks)

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