Pituitary Hormones & Drugs Flashcards
Releasing Hormone Examples
TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH
Stimulating Hormone Definition
Stimulates a gland to produce a hormone
Stimulating Hormone Examples
TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH
Inhibiting Hormone
Inhibits the release of another hormone; also known as a “statin”
Inhibiting Hormone Examples
Somatostatin, DA
Use of ACTH (Corticotropin)
Primarily used in diagnosis of primary/secondary adrenal insufficency
Action of ACTH (Corticotropin)
Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticosteriods & androgens
Adverse Effects of ACTH (Corticotropin)
Glucocorticoid-like effects (glucose production, immune system suppression); allergic rxns more likely when produced from animal sources;
Use of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
Used in Growth Failure in Kids that is a result of hypopituitarism; also used in management of AIDS wasting syndrome & short bowel syndrome
Action of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
Promotes growth (indirectly), controls protein, lipid, & carb metabolism; Somatostatin used in acromegaly;
Adverse Effects of GH (Somatotropin)
Increased lean body mass, bone density, & skin thickness; NOT FOR USE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CLOSED EPIPHYSES
Use of Octreotide
Synthetic Somatostatin with a longer T1/2; Used in tx of acromegaly; extremely large needle & painful injection
Use of Pegvisomant
Synthetic somatostatin; Last line tx of acromegaly
Adverse effects of octreotide & pegvisomant
Flatulence, steatorrhea, diarrhea, and stomach pain; delayed gallbladder emptying & stones > controlled w/ diet alternations
Action of FSH
Females - Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles; administration induces “superovulation”; Males - FSH critical for sperm production
Action of LH
Females - Triggers ovulation; Males - stimulates testosterone production; Both - works synergistically with FSH
Hypogonadism
Diminished secretion of LH or FSH resulting in a decreased sperm count in males or cessation of reproductive cycles in females
Action of GnRH (Gonadorelin)
Produced by hypothalamus; essential for the release of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary
Use of GnRH (Gonadorelin)
Suppress production of gonadal hormone and is useful in tx of PROSTATE CANCER, endometriosis, and precocious puberty
Adverse effects of GnRH (Gonadorelin)
Women - hot flashes, sweating, decreased libido, depression, ovarian cysts CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY; Men - rise in testosterone causing bone pain, gynecomastia, & diminished libido
Action of Prolactin
Lactation
Prolactin Disorder
Hyperprolactinemia - excessive secretion of prolactin (numerous causes, including prolactin-secreting tumors & medication)
Signs of Hyperprolactemia
Amenorrhea & galactorrhea
Treatment for Hyperprolactemia
Dopamine-2 Receptor Agonist
Use of Oxytocin
Stimulate uterine contractions, reinforce labor, reduce post-partnum bleeding, promote breast milk ejection
Action of Oxytocin
Milk ejection; uterine contractions
Adverse Effects of Oxytocin
Hypertensive crisis, uterine rupture, water retention, fetal death. AEs are RARE WITH PROPER USE!
Contraindications of Oxytocin
Abnormal fetal presentation (i.e. breech), fetal distress, premature birth
Action of ADH
Conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine.
Use of ADH
MAJOR USE - treatment of Diabetes Insipidus (excess urine production); Also treats hypothalamic (“central”) diabetes insipidus
Adverse effects of ADH/Vasopressin
Water intoxication, hyponatremia, headache, bronchoconstriction, tremor
Hypothalamic (“central”) diabetes insipidus
deficiency in secretion of ADH from post. pit. caused by head trauma, infections, and/or tumors involving hypothalamus
Diabetes Insipidus
Excess urine production.
Use of Vasopressin
Diabetes insipidus management of cardiac arrest and bleeding control in esophageal varices
Cautions of Vasopressin
CAD, epilepsy, and asthma
DDAVP
Desmopressin; synthetic analog of Vasopressin, preferred over Vasopressin. No pressor effects (no vasoconstriction); longer t1/2;
Use of DDAVP
preferred for treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis; administered intranasal or orally
Adverse effects of DDAVP
Nasal irritation
