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Pharmacology > Pituitary Hormones & Drugs > Flashcards

Pituitary Hormones & Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Releasing Hormone Examples

A

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH

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2
Q

Stimulating Hormone Definition

A

Stimulates a gland to produce a hormone

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3
Q

Stimulating Hormone Examples

A

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

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4
Q

Inhibiting Hormone

A

Inhibits the release of another hormone; also known as a “statin”

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5
Q

Inhibiting Hormone Examples

A

Somatostatin, DA

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6
Q

Use of ACTH (Corticotropin)

A

Primarily used in diagnosis of primary/secondary adrenal insufficency

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7
Q

Action of ACTH (Corticotropin)

A

Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticosteriods & androgens

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8
Q

Adverse Effects of ACTH (Corticotropin)

A

Glucocorticoid-like effects (glucose production, immune system suppression); allergic rxns more likely when produced from animal sources;

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9
Q

Use of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

A

Used in Growth Failure in Kids that is a result of hypopituitarism; also used in management of AIDS wasting syndrome & short bowel syndrome

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10
Q

Action of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

A

Promotes growth (indirectly), controls protein, lipid, & carb metabolism; Somatostatin used in acromegaly;

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11
Q

Adverse Effects of GH (Somatotropin)

A

Increased lean body mass, bone density, & skin thickness; NOT FOR USE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CLOSED EPIPHYSES

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12
Q

Use of Octreotide

A

Synthetic Somatostatin with a longer T1/2; Used in tx of acromegaly; extremely large needle & painful injection

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13
Q

Use of Pegvisomant

A

Synthetic somatostatin; Last line tx of acromegaly

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14
Q

Adverse effects of octreotide & pegvisomant

A

Flatulence, steatorrhea, diarrhea, and stomach pain; delayed gallbladder emptying & stones > controlled w/ diet alternations

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15
Q

Action of FSH

A

Females - Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles; administration induces “superovulation”; Males - FSH critical for sperm production

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16
Q

Action of LH

A

Females - Triggers ovulation; Males - stimulates testosterone production; Both - works synergistically with FSH

17
Q

Hypogonadism

A

Diminished secretion of LH or FSH resulting in a decreased sperm count in males or cessation of reproductive cycles in females

18
Q

Action of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

A

Produced by hypothalamus; essential for the release of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary

19
Q

Use of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

A

Suppress production of gonadal hormone and is useful in tx of PROSTATE CANCER, endometriosis, and precocious puberty

20
Q

Adverse effects of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

A

Women - hot flashes, sweating, decreased libido, depression, ovarian cysts CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY; Men - rise in testosterone causing bone pain, gynecomastia, & diminished libido

21
Q

Action of Prolactin

A

Lactation

22
Q

Prolactin Disorder

A

Hyperprolactinemia - excessive secretion of prolactin (numerous causes, including prolactin-secreting tumors & medication)

23
Q

Signs of Hyperprolactemia

A

Amenorrhea & galactorrhea

24
Q

Treatment for Hyperprolactemia

A

Dopamine-2 Receptor Agonist

25
Q

Use of Oxytocin

A

Stimulate uterine contractions, reinforce labor, reduce post-partnum bleeding, promote breast milk ejection

26
Q

Action of Oxytocin

A

Milk ejection; uterine contractions

27
Q

Adverse Effects of Oxytocin

A

Hypertensive crisis, uterine rupture, water retention, fetal death. AEs are RARE WITH PROPER USE!

28
Q

Contraindications of Oxytocin

A

Abnormal fetal presentation (i.e. breech), fetal distress, premature birth

29
Q

Action of ADH

A

Conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine.

30
Q

Use of ADH

A

MAJOR USE - treatment of Diabetes Insipidus (excess urine production); Also treats hypothalamic (“central”) diabetes insipidus

31
Q

Adverse effects of ADH/Vasopressin

A

Water intoxication, hyponatremia, headache, bronchoconstriction, tremor

32
Q

Hypothalamic (“central”) diabetes insipidus

A

deficiency in secretion of ADH from post. pit. caused by head trauma, infections, and/or tumors involving hypothalamus

33
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Excess urine production.

34
Q

Use of Vasopressin

A

Diabetes insipidus management of cardiac arrest and bleeding control in esophageal varices

35
Q

Cautions of Vasopressin

A

CAD, epilepsy, and asthma

36
Q

DDAVP

A

Desmopressin; synthetic analog of Vasopressin, preferred over Vasopressin. No pressor effects (no vasoconstriction); longer t1/2;

37
Q

Use of DDAVP

A

preferred for treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis; administered intranasal or orally

38
Q

Adverse effects of DDAVP

A

Nasal irritation

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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