Diuretics

Question 1

Parts of Nephron

Answer 1

renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, ascending and descending loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

Question 2

Function of renal corpuscle

Answer 2

Blood enters the nephron here

Question 3

Function of proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

Reabsorbs glucose, bicarbonate, amino acids. Major site for NaCl and NaHCO3 reabsorption.

Secretes antibiotics, uric acid, and diuretics.

Question 4

Function of Descending Loop of Henle

Answer 4

Osmolarity increases; salt concentration increased.

Question 5

Function of Ascending Loop of Henle

Answer 5

Calcium and magnesium are reabsorbed; Na/K/Cl are co-transported into lumen.

Question 6

Function of distal convoluted tubule

Answer 6

pumps sodium and chloride out

Question 7

Classes of diuretics

Answer 7

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)

Osmotic Diuretics

Loop diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

K+ sparing diuretics

Question 8

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) - Action Site

Answer 8

CAI’s action site- proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 9

Osmotic Diuretics - Action Site

Answer 9

Osmotic diuretic action site- descending loop.

Question 10

Loop Diuretics - Action Site

Answer 10

Loop diuretics action site-ascending loop.

Question 11

Thiazide Diuretics - Action Site

Answer 11

Thiazide diuretics action site-distal convoluted tubule.

Question 12

K+ Sparing Diuretics - Action Site

Answer 12

K+ sparing diuretics action site-collecting duct.

Question 13

Thiazide Diuretics - MoA

Answer 13

inhibition of NaCl reabsorption in the early DCT.

Question 14

Loop Diuretics - MoA

Answer 14

inhibition of the cotransport of Na/K/2Cl

Question 15

K+ Sparing Diuretics - MoA

Answer 15

blocks aldosterone > decreases protein production > reduced Na/K exchange.

Also decreases Na/K exchange by blocking Na channels

Question 16

CAIs - MoA

Answer 16

decrease ability of exchange of Na for H promotes mild diuresis

Question 17

Osmotic Diuretics - MoA

Answer 17

increase water excretion (not useful in conditions where Na retention occurs)

Question 18

Thiazide Diuretics - Use

Answer 18

hypertension

Question 19

Loop Diuretics - Use

Answer 19

Most effective diuretic; acute pulmonary edema

Question 20

K+ sparing diuretics - Use

Answer 20

diuresis, heart failure

Question 21

CAIs - Use

Answer 21

glaucoma

Question 22

Osmotic Diuretics - Use

Answer 22

maintain urine flow following ingestion of substances that may cause renal failure & used for cerebral edema

Question 23

Thiazide Diuretics - Adverse Effects

Answer 23

electolyte abnormalities, increase blood glucose, potential cross allergenicity with sulfonamides.

Question 24

Loop Diuretics - Adverse Effects

Answer 24

electrolyte abnormalities, cross allergenicity with sulfa drugs.

Question 25

K+ Sparing Diuretics - Adverse Effects

Answer 25

GI upset, peptic ulcers, diarrhea, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities

Question 26

CAIs - Adverse Effects

Answer 26

acid/base disturbances, hypokalemia, potential cross allergenicity with sulfa drugs

Question 27

Osmotic Diuretics - Adverse Effects

Answer 27

fluid electrolyte abnormalities