Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EXCI360 midterm > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gland

A

lies in the sella turcica
connected to the hypothalamus by pituitary stalk
anterior and posterior parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

6 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

A

GH
ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH
PRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other name of GH, promotes what

A

also known as somatotropin
promotes growth of entire body by affecting protein formation
cell multiplication, differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACTH

A

also known as corticotropin
controls secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex (cortisol), affects metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TSH

A

also known as thyrotropin
stimulating thyroid gland to control secretion rate of t3 and t4
control the rate of intracellular chemical reaction of entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FSH

A

control growth of gonads and hormonal and reproductive activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LH

A

same function as FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PRL

A

promotes mammary gland and milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

posterior pituitary secretes how many hormones

A

hypothalamus synthesizes
2
ADH
oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ADH

A

control rate of water excretion into urine
help control water concentration in body fluids
maintain BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oxytocin

A

help for delivering milk from glands of breast to the nipple during suckling
help baby delivery at the end of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

main cell types of the anterior pituitary

A

5
somatotropes
corticotropes
thyrotropes
gonadotropes
lactotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somatotropes

A

30-40%
secrete GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

corticotropes

A

20%
secrete ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thyrotropes

A

3-5%
secrete TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gonadotropes

A

3-5%
secrete LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lactotropes

A

3-5%
secrete PRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

control of post. pit.

A

nerve signals from hypoothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

control of ant. pit.

A

hormones
hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cascade of events of ant. pit. hormone secretion

A

hypothalamus receives signal from different sensory sources in the nervous system
hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones are synthesized in a special neuron in the hypothalamus
endings of these neurons connect to medial eminence in hypophysial stalk
release from these neurons into tissue fluids
hormones are absorbed into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels and are carried to the sinuses of the ant. pit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hormones produced in the hypothalamus that control the release of ant. pit. secretions

A

GHRH
GHIH
CRH
TRH
GnRH
PIH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GHRH

A

release of growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GHIH

A

inhibits release of GH

24
Q

CRH

A

release of ACTH

25
Q

TRH

A

release of TSH

26
Q

GnRH

A

release of FSH and LH

27
Q

PIH

A

inhibits PRL secretion

28
Q

GH functions

A

promotes growth of babies
promotes growth of m. in adults
increase the physical size of cells
increase the number of cells
increase the amount of protein inside of a cell

29
Q

3 main effects of GH

A

promotes protein synthesis
enhancing fat as a source of energy
decreases the use of glucose for energy

30
Q

GH secretion rate is promoted by

A

promoted by malnutrition, starvation (low FA and glucose)
promoted by exercise (after about 2h of strenuous exercise)
promoted by sleep (after 2h)
promoted by trauma (long surgery)

31
Q

control of GH secretion rate

A

GHRH short term effect (increase release into the blood bc of Ca)/
GHIH long term effect (increase transcription in nucleus by the genes that causes new GH synthesis

32
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

decreased secretion of all ant. pit. hormones
congenital or during life
lack of GH = abnormal growth
multiple of other issues

33
Q

dwarfism

A

lack of GH alone
appropriate proportions
no sufficient gonadotropic hormones to develop sexual function (1/3 can)

34
Q

gigantism

A

too uch GH cause by tumour in pit.

35
Q

acromegaly

A

acidophilic tumor after adolescence
soft tissue continues to grow, bones thicker

36
Q

aging caused by decreased secretion of GH

A

accelerates aging process
result from decreased protein synthesis in body tissue and increased deposition of fat

37
Q

cells composing the post. pit.

A

pituicytes

38
Q

post. pit.

A

supporting structure for nerve fibers and nerve endings
ADH synthesized in supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus
oxytocin is synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
hormones bind with neurophysisns and are transported to nerve endings

39
Q

when are hormones released in the post. pit.

A

when nerve impulses reach the nerve endings, hormones are released from the vesicles in the nerve endings by exocytosis

40
Q

oxytocin

A

cause contraction of pregnant uterus at the end of gestation for helping with the birth of the baby
cause milk to be expressed from the alveoli into the ducts

41
Q

main purpose of ADH

A

maintain BP homeostasis

42
Q

osmosis

A

movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration

43
Q

solvent

A

liquid things get disolved in

44
Q

selectively permeable

A

only allows small molecules through

45
Q

solute

A

thing that dissolves in a liquid

46
Q

dissolve

A

solid is absorbed by a liquid

47
Q

concentration

A

amount of solute in a solvent

48
Q

regulation of ADH secretion

A

by osmosis through osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
cardiovascular reflexes

49
Q

osmoreceptors

A

specialized neurons in the hypothalamus that expand when the blood is dilute, contract when the blood in concentrated

50
Q

cardiovascular reflexes

A

response to a decrease in BV or BP
barorecpetors in atria can be excited by stretch caused by high BP, transmitted to brain to inhibit ADH secretion

51
Q

ADH physiological function

A

retains water by promoting it to go in the direction of urine back into the blood

52
Q

what separates blood from urine

A

luminal membrane of tubular cells

53
Q

vasopressin

A

ADH but has another type of effect that happens at the same time in the body

54
Q

pressor response

A

high concentration of ADH causes constriction of arterioles throughout the body to increase arterial pressure
ADH has effects on arterial resistance

55
Q

see page 24

A

EXCI360 midterm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions