pituitary

Question 1

how do things get to the anterior pituitry

Answer 1

portal system

Question 2

what is the portal system contained in

Answer 2

pituitary stalk

Question 3

purpose of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 3

stimulate peripheral glands and tissues

Question 4

posterior pituitary purpose

Answer 4

storage for ADH and oxytocin

Question 5

where are oxytocin and ADH synthesised

Answer 5

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the anterior hypothalamus

Question 6

other name of ADH

Answer 6

vasopressin

Question 7

how do things get to the posterior pituitary

Answer 7

single axon in the pituitary stalk

Question 8

what does oxytocin do

Answer 8

roduces milk ejection and uterine myometrial contractions

Question 9

conditions associated with hormone excess are diagnosed by

Answer 9

suppression tests

Question 10

while conditions associated with hormone deficiency are diagnosed by

Answer 10

stimulation tests

Question 11

most common form of pituitary disease

Answer 11

pituitary adenoma

Question 12

major conditions caused by pituitary over production 3

Answer 12

galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea, erectile dysfunction
gigantism/acromegaly
cushings

Question 13

what is acromegaly/gigantism caused by

Answer 13

too much GH

Question 14

what does prolactin excess cause

Answer 14

galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea, erectile dysfunction

Question 15

what is cushings caused by

Answer 15

too much ACTH

Question 16

pituitary adenoma pressure on optic chiasm causes

Answer 16

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 17

pituitary adenoma pressure on cavernous sinus causes

Answer 17

III, IV and VI cranial nerve lesions

Question 18

pituitary adenoma pressure on meninges causes

Answer 18

headache

Question 19

pituitary adenoma pressure on hypothalamic centres causes

Answer 19

obesity, altered appetite and thirst, precocious puberty in children

Question 20

pituitary adenoma pressure on ventricles causes

Answer 20

causing interruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and hydrocephalus

Question 21

how to check for pituitary adenoma

Answer 21

MRI

Question 22

first hormones affected in pituitary adenoma

Answer 22

GH and gonadotrophins

Question 23

name the gonadotrophins

Answer 23

LH

FSH

Question 24

last hormones affected by pituitary adenoma

Answer 24

ACTH TSH

Question 25

tonic inhibitory control of prolactin is by

Answer 25

dopamine

Question 26

what happens to prolactin in pituitary lesion

Answer 26

over production as can no longer be inhibited

Question 27

Panhypopituitarism

Answer 27

deficiency of all anterior pituitary hormones

Question 28

most common cause of hypopituitary

Answer 28

hypothalamic tumour, or treatment of the tumour by surgical removal or radiotherapy

Question 29

Gonadotrophin deficiency results in

Answer 29

loss of libido, amenorrhoea and erectile dysfunction

Question 30

hyperprolactinaemia results in

Answer 30

galactorrhoea and hypogonadism

Question 31

GH deficiency

Answer 31

short kids | cant tell in adults

Question 32

long term hypopituitary appearance

Answer 32

pallor and hairloss

Question 33

hypo pituitary syndromes

Answer 33

Congenital deficiency of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) – Kallmann’s syndrome Sheehan’s syndrome Pituitary apoplexy ‘Empty sella’ syndrome

Question 34

kallmanns is asociated with

Answer 34

asomnia

Question 35

Sheehan’s syndrome

Answer 35

pituitary infarction following severe post-partum haemorrhage

Question 36

Pituitary apoplexy

Answer 36

rapid enlargement of a pituitary tumour due to infarction or haemorrhage.

Question 37

Pituitary apoplexy symptoms

Answer 37

severe headache and sudden severe visual loss

Question 38

where is the pituitary found

Answer 38

sella turcica

Question 39

oral replacement steroid

Answer 39

hydrocortisone

Question 40

oral replacement thyroid

Answer 40

levothyroxine

Question 41

hypopituitary and a women wants to get pregnant whet do you do

Answer 41

LH and FSH analogues

Question 42

timing of GH secretion

Answer 42

pulsatile

Question 43

GH secretion is stimulated by

Answer 43

GH releasing hormone

Question 44

GH secretion is inhibited by

Answer 44

somatostatin

Question 45

where is grhelin synthesised

Answer 45

stomach

Question 46

what else increases GH secretion

Answer 46

grhelin

Question 47

what does GH act on

Answer 47

insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

Question 48

excessive GH in children

Answer 48

gigantism

Question 49

excessive GH in adults

Answer 49

acromegaly

Question 50

what is acromegaly caused by

Answer 50

pituitary adenoma

Question 51

local tumour expansion acromegaly affects

Answer 51

headaches, visual field loss

Question 52

metabolic affects of excess GH

Answer 52

sweating and soft tissue swelling

Question 53

serum IGF1 levels in acromegaly

Answer 53

raised

Question 54

diagnostic test for acromegaly

Answer 54

glucose tollerance test

Question 55

what can you use to look at pituitary adenoma

Answer 55

MRI

Question 56

in acromegaly what will prolactin be

Answer 56

hyperprolactinaemia

Question 57

head and neck acromegaly symptoms

Answer 57

Headaches, Visual deterioration, Deep voice, Goitre

Question 58

sex acromegaly symptoms

Answer 58

Amenorrhoea or Oligomenorrhoea, Galactorrhoea, Impotence or poor libido

Question 59

general acromegaly symptoms

Answer 59

Tiredness, Weight gain, Breathlessness, Excessive sweating, Muscular weakness, Joint pain

Question 60

acromegaly appearance changes

Answer 60

Increased glove or hat size

Question 61

acromegaly surgical treatment

Answer 61

Transsphenoidal surgical resection

Question 62

what inhibits GH secretion

Answer 62

Somatostatin analogues | dopamine agonists

Question 63

examples of somatostatin analogues

Answer 63

octreotide and lanreotide

Question 64

examples of dopamine agonists

Answer 64

bromocriptine or cabergoline

Question 65

acromegaly signs

Answer 65

Visual field defects Hirsutism, Thick greasy skin Glycosuria