Pituitary Flashcards
The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei secrete which two hormones?
vasopressin and oxytocin
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei run to…
posterior pituitary
When are vasopressin and oxytocin released?
stimulation into systemic circulation
What causes release of vasopressin?
hyperosmolality
hypovolemia
hypotension
What is the mechanism of vasopressin?
decreases water resorption in kidney and vasoconstriction
Who makes oxytocin?
women
What are the two functions of oxytocin?
milk ejection reflex
uterine stimulation and contraction
What type of tissue does oxytocin work on?
smooth muscle
Where do vasopressin and oxytocin work from?
posterior hypothalamus
What stimulates growth hormone secretion?
exercise, stress, and sleep (80%)
What are the two somatomammotropins released from the anterior pituitary?
growth hormone and prolactin
What stimulates prolactin production?
suckling, stress
What is the function of prolactin?
prepare breast tissue for suckling
What are the glycoproteins synthesized in anterior pituitary?
TSH
FSH
LH
What is the stimulus of TSH secretion?
exposure to cold temperature
What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?
men: spermatogenesis
women: development of ovarian follicle
What is the function of leutinizing hormone in women?
initiate ovulation “trigger”
stimulates progesterone
What is the function of leutinizing hormone in men?
spermatogenesis
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- stimulation
- effect
- stress
- secretes cortisol from adrenal cortex
Beta-endorphin
- stimulation
- effect
- stress
- analgesia
What test can be used to assess anterior pituitary function?
stress test: insulin induced hypoglycemia
-elevated cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, and beta-endorphin
What is the etiology of diabetes insipidus?
no vasopressin release
trauma, autoimmune, idiopathic
What is the treatment of diabetes insipidus?
desamino-vasopressin
What is the etiology of galactorrhea-amenorrhea?
increased prolactin
microadenoma on pituitary
What is the treatment of galactorrhea-amenorrhea?
dopamine receptor antagonist (temporary)
surgical removal of microadenoma
