Development of Head and Neck

Question 1

Treacher-Collins Syndrome

• etiology
• presentation

Answer 1

• neural crest cell migration failure

- abnormal 1st arch derivatives, conductive hearing loss

Question 2

Pierre-Robin Syndrome

• etiology
• presentation

Answer 2

• neural crest cell migration failure

- U-shaped cleft soft palate –> suckling difficulties

Question 3

Which nerve is derived from the first arch?

Answer 3

trigeminal

Question 4

Meckel’s cartilage

• derived from
• becomes

Answer 4

• 1st arch

- core of mandible

Question 5

Goldenhar Syndrome

• arch(es)
• presentation

Answer 5

• 1st and 2nd

- malformed face, usually unilateral

Question 6

Which nerve is derived from the second arch?

Answer 6

facial

Question 7

Stylohyoid is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 7

facial

Question 8

Where are the thyroid and cricoid cartilages derived from?

Answer 8

4th and 6th arches

Question 9

4th arch nerve

Answer 9

superior laryngeal

Question 10

6th arch nerve

Answer 10

recurrent laryngeal

Question 11

Auditory tube, middle ear cavity, mastoid air cells

Answer 11

1st pharyngeal pouch derivatives

Question 12

Palatine tonsils

Answer 12

2nd pharyngeal pouch derivatives

Question 13

Thymus and inferior parathyroid glands

Answer 13

3rd pharyngeal pouch derivatives

Question 14

Superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial bodies

Answer 14

4th pharyngeal pouch derivatives

Question 15

DiGeorge Syndrome

• etiology
• presenation

Answer 15

-neural crest cell migration failure
=>3rd and 4th pouch failure (parathyroid and thymus absence)
=>1st arch malformation
-hypocalcemia + facial deformaties

Question 16

1st pharyngeal membrane persists as

Answer 16

tympanic membrane

Question 17

1st pharyngeal cleft persists as

Answer 17

epithelial lining of external auditory meatus

Question 18

Branchial cysts

Answer 18

surrounded by tissue on both sides

Question 19

Branchial sinus

Answer 19

open on one side

Question 20

Branchial fistulae

Answer 20

open on both sides–essentially tube

Question 21

Lateral cervical cyst

Answer 21

lateral neck mass, failure of 2nd arch closure

Question 22

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 22

midline, normally connects tongue to thyroid

Question 23

First treatment of thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 23

treat infection first

Question 24

Lingual thyroid

Answer 24

failure of thyroid to migrate inferiorly

Question 25

Ankyloglossia

Answer 25

tongue-tied

Question 26

Pituitary layer derivation

Answer 26

evagination of endothelium

Question 27

Neck mass is adult

Answer 27

cancer until you prove it otherwise