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SUGER > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the the two hormones secretes by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Vasopressin (ADH)

Oxytocin

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2
Q

What is the role and nuclei of vasopressin

A

Controls water secretion into the urine

Primarily from supraoptic nuclei

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3
Q

What is the role and nuclei of oxytocin

A

Expression of milk from the glands of the breast to the nipples - promotes onset of labour

Primarily from the paraventricular nuclei

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4
Q

What does caffeine and alcohol do to the control and release of vasopressin

A

Inhibitor

Less ADH secreted - water loss

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5
Q

What are positive feedbacks for the control of vasopressin release

A

High osmolality
Low blood volume

Nausea
Vomiting
Stress
Exercise

More ADH secreted = higher water retention

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6
Q

For osmolality is the size of the particle important

A

No

Number is important

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7
Q

What does drinking rapidly do to vasopressin release

A

Supresses vasopressin release and thirst

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8
Q

What happens to vasopressin release in pregnancy

A

Osmotic threshold for VP release and thirst is decreased

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9
Q

Does plasma vasopressin concentrations decrease or increase with age

A

Increases

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10
Q

What is the release and action of oxytocin

A

Release stimulated by milk suckling

Action
- stimulates milk let down
- stimulates contraction of myometrium (100x more potent than AVP)
- 200x less active at the V2 receptor compared to AVP

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11
Q

What produces positive feedback in oxytocin action

A

Suckling

Uterine contractions

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12
Q

What does the pituitary secrete hormones in response to

A

Signals from hypothalamus

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13
Q

What does the anterior pituitary secrete

A

ACTH

TSH

GH

LH

FSH

Prolactin

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14
Q

What is the hormone type and function of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

A

Polypeptide

Glucorticoid and adrenal androgen production

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15
Q

What is the hormone type and function of growth hormone (GH)

A

Polypeptide

Linear growth, CHO metabolism, bone mass

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16
Q

What is the hormone type and function of prolactin

A

Polypeptide

Lactation

17
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

18
Q

What does the release of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) for the hypothalamus, stimulate hormone release from the anterior pituitary

A

TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone

19
Q

What does the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) for the hypothalamus, stimulate hormone release from the anterior pituitary

A

Adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)

20
Q

What does the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus release what hormone from the anterior pituitary

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinising hormone (LH)

21
Q

What does the release of GH releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus trigger the release of what hormone

A

Growth hormone (GH)

22
Q

What is the inhibatory hormone released from the hypothalamus for effect on growth hormone

A

Somatostatin

23
Q

What is the inhibitor for the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary

A

Dopamine

24
Q

What is the only anterior pituitary hormone that does not have negative feedback

A

Prolactin

25
Q

Describe ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Affects adrenal size - too much = big adrenal gland

Regulates glucocorticoid synthesis
- stimulates cortisol release
- stimulates corticosteriod release
- CRH stimulates ACTH release
- negative feedback of cortisol on CRH and ACTH production

26
Q

Describe growth hormone (GH)

A

Released throughout life

Pulsatile

Stimulates by low glucose, exercise, sleep

Supressed by hyperglycaemia

Effectors mediated by GH and IGF1

27
Q

What are the actions of growth hormone

A

Linear growth in children

Acquisition of bone mass

Stimulates
- protein synthesis
- lipolysis (fat breakdown)
- glucose metabolism

Regulation of body composition

Psychological well-being

28
Q

Describe thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Negative feedback loop between TSH and thyroxine

29
Q

Describe LH and FSH (female axis)

A

LH stimulates sex hormone secretion

FSH stimulates development of follicles

Absence leads to infertility and hypogonadism

30
Q

Describe prolactin

A

Synthesised in lactotrophs

Regulation of PRL different to other anterior pituitary hormones

Negative regulation by tonic release in inhibiting factor - dopamine

31
Q

What is the role of prolactin

A

Essential for lactation

Levels increase dramatically in pregnancy and during breast-feeding

Inhibits gonadal activity through central suppression of GnRH

SUGER (15 decks)

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