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SUGER > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest visceral structure in the abdominal cavity

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is the largest gland in the human body

A

Liver

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3
Q

Where is the liver located

A

Right hypochondrium
Epigastric areas
Some in left hypochondrium

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4
Q

Name the external surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic surface
Visceral surface

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5
Q

Describe the diaphragmatic surface

A

Anterosuperior surface of the liver

Smooth and convex

Fits beneath the curvature of the diaphragm

Posterior aspect is not covered by visceral peritoneum - in direct contact with the diaphragm itself (known as the bare area of the liver)

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6
Q

What is known as the bare area of the liver

A

Posterior aspect of the diaphragmatic surface - only in contact with the diaphragm itself

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7
Q

Describe the visceral surface

A

Posteroinferior surface of the liver

Exception of the fossa of the gallbladder and porta hepatis - it is all covered by peritoneum

Moulded to the shape of the surrounding organs

Irregular and flat

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8
Q

What does the visceral surface lie in contact with

A

Right kidney
Right adrenal gland
Right colic flexure
Transverse colon
First part of the duodenum
Gallbladder
Oesophagus
Stomach

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9
Q

Name the ligaments of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

Coronary ligament (anterior and posterior folds)

Triangular ligaments (left and right)

Lesser omentum

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10
Q

What are the roles of the ligaments of the liver

A

Attach the liver to surrounding structures

Formed by a double layer of peritoneum

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11
Q

Describe the falciform ligament

A

Sickle-shaped ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

What does the free edge of the falciform ligament contain

A

Ligamentum teres

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13
Q

What is the ligamentum teres

A

Remnant of the umbilical vein

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14
Q

Describe the coronary ligament (anterior and posterior folds)

A

Attaches the superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Sets the boundaries of the bare area of the liver

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15
Q

What forms the triangular ligaments on the left and the right sides of the liver

A

Anterior and posterior folds

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16
Q

How many triangular ligaments are there

A

2

Left and right

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17
Q

Describe the left triangular ligament

A

Formed by the union of the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament at the apex of the liver

Attaches the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm

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18
Q

Describe the right triangular ligament

A

Formed in a similar fashion adjacent to the bare area

Attached the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm

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19
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum

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20
Q

What does the lesser omentum consist of

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Hepatogastric ligament

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21
Q

Describe the hepatduodenal ligament

A

Extends from the duodenum to the liver

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22
Q

Describe the hepatogastric ligament

A

Extends from the stomach to the liver

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23
Q

What surrounds the portal triad

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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24
Q

How is the posterior surface of the liver secured to the inferior vena cava

A

By hepatic veins and fibrous tissue

25
Q

Define hepatic recess

A

Anatomical spaces between the liver and surrounding structures

26
Q

Why are the hepatic recesses important

A

Infection may collect in these areas - form abscesses

27
Q

Name the hepatic recesses

A

Subphrenic spaces

Subhepatic spaces

Morison’s pouch

28
Q

Describe subphrenic spaces

A

Located between the diaphragm and the anterior and superior aspects of the liver

Divided into left and right by the falciform ligament

29
Q

Describe the subhepatic space

A

Subdivision of the supracolic compartment (above the transverse mesocolon)

Peritoneal space - located between the inferior surface of the liver and transverse colon

30
Q

Describe morison’s pouch

A

Potential space between the visceral surface of the liver and right kidney

Deepest part of the abdominal cavity when supine (lying flat)

31
Q

What covers the liver

A

Fibrous layer

Known as Glisson’s capsule

32
Q

What is the liver comprised of

A

Larger right lobe

Smaller left lobe

Two smaller ‘accessory lobes’ from the right lobe
- caudate lobe
- quadrate lobe

33
Q

Describe the caudate lobe

A

Located on the upper aspect of the visceral surface

Lies between the inferior vena cava and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum

34
Q

Define the ligamentum venosum

A

Remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

35
Q

What are the two accessory lobes of the liver

A

Caudate lobe

Quadrate lobe

36
Q

Describe the quadrate lobe

A

Located on the lower aspect of the visceral surface

Lies between the gallbladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres

37
Q

Define ligamentum teres

A

Remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

38
Q

What separates the caudate and quadrate lobes

A

Porta hepatis

Deep, transverse fissure

39
Q

What is the role of the porta hepatis

A

Transmits all vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver with the exception of the hepatic veins

40
Q

What does the porta hepatis not transmit

A

Hepatic veins

41
Q

What are the cells of the liver

A

Hepatocytes

42
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged

A

Lobules - structural units of the liver

43
Q

What are the structure units of the liver

A

Lobules

44
Q

Describe lobule

A

Hexagonal-shape

Drained by the central vein

Periphery of the hexagon - portal triad

45
Q

Describe the portal triad

A

Arteriole
Venule
Bile duct

Also contains:
Lymphatic vessels
Vagus nerve

46
Q

What is the arteriole in the portal triad

A

A branch of the haptic artery entering the liver

47
Q

What is the venule of the liver

A

Branch of the hepatic portal vein entering the liver

48
Q

What is the bile duct of the liver

A

Branch of the bile duct leaving the liver

49
Q

What nerve does the portal triad contain

A

Vagus nerve

50
Q

Describe the vasculature of the liver

A

25% hepatic artery proper

75% hepatic portal vein

51
Q

What % blood supply to the liver is from the hepatic artery proper

A

25%

52
Q

What % blood supply to the liver is from the hepatic portal vein

A

75%

53
Q

Describe the blood supply to the liver from the hepatic artery proper

A

Supplies the non-parenchymal structures of the liver with arterial blood

Derived from the coeliac trunk

54
Q

Describe the blood supply from hepatic portal vein

A

Supplies the liver with partially deoxygenated blood - carrying nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

Allows the liver to perform its gut-related functions

55
Q

What is the venous drainage of the liver

A

Hepatic veins

Open into the inferior vena cava

56
Q

What is the nerve supply to the parenchyma of the liver

A

Hepatic plexus
- sympathetic - coeliac plexus
- parasympathetic - vagus nerve

57
Q

What is the nerve supply to the glisson’s capsule

A

Branches of the lower intercostal nerves

58
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the liver

A

Into the hepatic lymph nodes - empty into the coeliac lymph nodes

SUGER (15 decks)

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