Pink Flashcards
Jack Cade’s rebellion was largely a reaction to gov corruption
1.CURRUPTION - William Crowmer + son in law Lord Saye. Crown in debt of £372000. 1/3 of Cade’s 15 complaints mentioned it.
2.NORMANDY - French invaders targeted Kent and soldiers returned there. Loss of trade - wine imports fell to a 1/4. French piracy. Rye and Winchelsea in 1448.
3.YORK - Rising in Ipswich on 3 march by William Oldhall. Cade changed name to Mortimer (Y’s claim). Cade resided at White Heart inn (Symbol of deposed Richard 11)
To what extent was Edmund Beaufort to blame for 1450 being a year of crisis?
- SOMERSET - Lost Rouen in Oct 1449 and Caen in June 1450. Attacked by the mob in Dec 1450 - connection to the hated Suffolk
2.GOV - 1/3 of 15 of Cade’s complaints mentioned curruption. Late 1450 parliament asked for removal of a large list of people from king and calls for resumption but H made 186 exceptions
3.YORK - Ipswich in march by William Oldhall. He returned in sep without royal permission and claimed the right to govern then toured east anglia in oct gathering military support
How far was competition for the throne the reason for rivalry between York and sommerset?
1.THRONE - York could claim through York and Mortimer lines. Somerset had been barred due to illigitemacy but had more power than York. Thomas Yound sent to tower in May 1451
2.NORMANDY AND FINANCE - York spent lots of money in Normandy and Somerset lost it York was owed £1000 and Somerset £2000 and Somerset was often favoured.
3.Political opportunism - York had not actually been a hated outsider. Negotiations for him to marry. In 1448 a land was placed in York and Somerset’s joint trusteeship
York’s own actions were largely responsible for his failure to dominate gov between 1450 and 1453
1.YORK - Dartford 1452. Had to swear loyalty at st Paul’s cathedral. Very little support as most backed Somerset.
2.HOUSEHOLD/MARG - Somerset shielded household from resumption. Margaret gave Somerset 100 marks a year from Nov 1451 onwards.
3.SOMERSET’S REGIME - Thomas Young sent to towere in may 1451 and William Oldhall atainted. Two expiditions sent to Gascony
To what extent did the rivalry with the Percy family lead to the Nevilles backing York at the end of 1453?
1.RIVALRY - When the Percys turned to Somerset it was inevitable that the Nevilles would turn to his enemy York.
2.WARWICK + SOMERSET - If warcick and somerset had not had previous disputes the percys would not have turned to Somerset. Somerset was determined to take despenser estates but Warwick wanted these back.
3.ALIENATION - The dispute between Warwick and Somerset made this worse as the court was controlled by somerset
Richard of York was in a much weaker position by the end of 1456 than he had been at the beginning of 1453
1.WEAKER - Birth of Prince Edward meant York was no longer heir presumptive. He had lost support form Devon and made enemies with Percys. Broke promise of st Paul’s cathedral at st Albans and made enemies with the queen.
2.STRONGER - Somerset Killed. Gained powerfull allies in the Nevilles
How Politically influential was queen Margaret in the years 1450 to 1459?
1.INFLUENTIAL - Has a son. In 1456 she undermine’s Yorks protectorate and replaces her own condidates in gov e.g Lawrence Booth. Loveday
2.NOT INFLUENTIAL - Medieval gender roles
How far was escalation of private feuds responsible for the collapse of England’s political unity by the end of 1459?
1.PRIVATE FEUDS - 1453 York vs Somerset which caused Percies vs Nevilles. 1454 + 55 Courtenays vs Bonvilles. May 1454 Longfords vs Blounts.
2.FAILURE OF KINGSHIP - Debt of £372000 but Marg giving Somerset 100 marks. Aug 1453 H goes mad and allows Y to be protector twice (March 1454 +Nov 1455). H captured at first battle of st Albans (22 May 1455). No figure to unite people
3.YORKISTS - Dartford (March 1452). Thomas young tries to get Y heir presumptive (May 1451). Attacks royals at 1st battle of st Albans (22 May 1455). Raises 3 armies in 1459.
