pilivan et al

Question 1

RM

Answer 1

field exp. and covert observation

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

4450 new york subway passengers

Question 3

procedure

Answer 3

4 students entered train
2 female confeds- outside critical area- observed and recorded
1 male victim (26-35 same clothes) - next to pole in critical area- after first station, collapses
38/103 drunk cond
56/103 ill/cane cond
male model (white 24-29 informal clothes) 4 cond. - varied where they stood and length of time before they intervened

Question 4

findings

Answer 4

in 79% of trials victim helped
95% of il/cane cond. helped
50% in drunk cond.
90% first helpers = male
64% first helpers = white when victim = drunk

Question 5

strengths

Answer 5

some ecological validity
real life setting
lower likelihood of demand characteristics
can generalise results to other similar settings

Question 6

weaknesses

Answer 6

lack of control over extraneous variables

may have impacted helping behaviour