pigs Flashcards
sea lions
cull her!
brachyspira pilosicoli
obligate anaerobe
fecal oral route
treat: tylosin
GI pig disease power lecture
PCR of aborted fetuses
rotavirus
keep going until you get a pattern
flu
mucoid diarrhea
ascaris suum
give normosol R IV slowly to decrease NA slowly
S. typhimurium
coughing and sneezing
foreign animal disease power lecture
pleuropneumonia
salt poisoning
oxytocin
heritable
only test the 7 aborted sows for PRRS via PCR
veneral transmission and through aborted fetuses
when are pigs vaccinated for ileitis
necrotic rhinitis
stands while being mounted by a boar
whipworms and large bowel diarrhea
porcine parvovirus
vaccinate
can you use penicillin on Mycloplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs
no- bacterial has no cell wall
* coughing, fever, inappetance, purple to gray areas of consolidation in the vranio-ventral lungs with a catarrhal exudate in the airways and enlarged regional lymph nodes
acute ileitis
PHE is caused by
proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis (rope gut)
* red clotted blood in the small intestine
* sudden death
* can be so fast that there is no thickening of the intestinal mucosa
E coli
cull
there is no treatment and should be culled
psuedorabies power page
Pseudorabies is caused by
herpesvirus (Porcine herpesvirus-1) and is also called “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
- reportable disease in pigs
- transmission via inhalation
- Neonates: Very susceptible, signs of fever, convulsive episodes, and prostration with rapid death within hours (100% mortality). shaker pigs
- Weanlings & Growers 3-10,10-26: Pneumonia, extreme pyrexia, tremors (variable mortality, 15-50%).
- Adults: Infection is often unapparent, but stillbirths and late term abortions/storms are the main sign. Occasionally can cause similar respiratory or neurologic signs (mortality < 15%).
- no specific tratment
how old are neonates in pigs
how old are weanlings/nursery pigs
how old are growers/finisher pigs
how old are breeders/adult pigs
clinical signs of pseudorabies in neonates pig
Very susceptible, signs of fever, convulsive episodes, and prostration with rapid death
within hours (100% mortality).
- neonates: 0-3 weeks, less than 4 kgs
- reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
- herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
- histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanling and grower pigs
- Weanlings (3-10 weeks, ,25 kg) & Growers (10-26 weeks, < 120 kg): Pneumonia, extreme pyrexia, tremors (variable mortality, 15-50%)
- reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
- herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
- histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
- late term abortions/storms
clinical signs of pseudorabies in adult pigs
- Adults: Infection is often unapparent, but stillbirths and abortions are the main sign. Occasionally can cause similar respiratory or neurologic signs (mortality < 15%).
- reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
- herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
- histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
- late term abortions/storms
breeder/adults > 6 months, 120kg
tentanus
how to treat tetanus in pigs
penicillin, muscle relaxants, antitoxin, vaccination with tetanus toxoid
- should revaccinate in 4 weeks if they survive
fenbendazole
swine diarrhea power page
what are Ascaris suum
round worms in pigs
- hepatic migration- milk spots
- migrate to lungs and are coughed up and swallowed
- can cause intestinal obstuctions
- fecal float
- Ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel, lavamisole
how to treat round worms in pigs
Ascaris suum: round worms in pigs
- hepatic migration- milk spots
- migrate to lungs and are coughed up and swallowed
- can cause intestinal obstuctions
- fecal float
- Ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel, lavamisole
- fenbendazole: benzimidazole anthelminitic with a broad spectrum for roundworms, hooks, whips, pins and strongyles
top causes of diarrhea for nursing/unweaned pigs
The major causes of diarrhea in this age group are:
● Clostridium perfringens – type A and C – 1-7 day old piglets
● Clostridium difficile – 1-2 day old piglets
● Enteric colibacillosis (E. Coli) – 1-14 day old piglets and again in first 2 weeks post weaning
● Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) – all ages
● Coccidia (Isospora suis and Eimeria spp.) – 5-15 day old piglets
● Rotavirus – all ages
● Hypoglycemia
Clostridium perfringes Type A and C cause — in — age pigs
- diarrhea- yellow watery, bloody
- 1-7 days
- slow spread with intro of new pigs
- dark red small intestines with hemorrhage
- type A: high morbidity and low mortality
- type C: high morbidity and 100% death- often healthiest piglet affected
- treatment: ineffective, antitoxins and antibiotics can be given, best is to vaccinate sows prior to birth
Clostridium perfringens type A or type C is more deadly to pigs
- diarrhea- yellow watery, bloody
- 1-7 days
- slow spread with intro of new pigs
- dark red small intestines with hemorrhage
- type A: high morbidity and low mortality
- type C: high morbidity and 100% death- often healthiest piglet affected
- treatment: ineffective, antitoxins and antibiotics can be given, best is to vaccinate sows prior to birth
Clostridium difficle effects — old pigs and causes —
- 1-2 day old
- pasty yellow to watery diarrhea
- Variable morbidity, lower mortality (20-50%).
what can cause pasty yellow to watery diarrhea in 1-2 day old pigs
C. difficile
* Variable morbidity, lower mortality (20-50%).
E coli effects — old pigs and cause —
- 1-14 day and first 2 weeks post weaning
- white to yellowish watery diarrhea with gas or fetid odor leading to rapid dehydration, tail necrosis
- Treatment: oral fluids and antibiotics
- dirty or damp environments, poor management practives and low temps
what can cause White to yellowish watery diarrhea with gas and fetid odor leading to rapid dehydration and tail necrosis in 1-14 day old or first 2 weeks post weaning pigs
E coli
- Treatment: oral fluids and antibiotics
- dirty or damp environments, poor management practives and low temps
what can cause gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed in pigs
rotavirus
* All Ages - Most Often 1-5 Weeks
* Low mortality, variable morbidity.
* Often gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed.
* No specific treatment, supportive care is most helpful.
when does rotavirus affect pigs
rotavirus
* All Ages - Most Often 1-5 Weeks
* Low mortality, variable morbidity.
* Often gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed.
* No specific treatment, supportive care is most helpful.
transmissible gastroenteritis effects — old pigs
All Ages
● Caused by a coronavirus.
● May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
● Vomiting is often initial sign but not always present.
● Diarrhea with curds of undigested milk.
● No specific treatment. Oral hydration with electrolytes. Intestinal immunity is critical. Vaccine is available but not very effective. Biosecurity is key to prevention.
what can cause diarrhea with curds of undigested milk in pigs
Tranmissible Gastroenteritis
All Ages
● Caused by a coronavirus.
● May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
● Vomiting is often initial sign but not always present.
● Diarrhea with curds of undigested milk.
● No specific treatment. Oral hydration with electrolytes. Intestinal immunity is critical. Vaccine is available but not very effective. Biosecurity is key to prevention.
Coccidiosis in pigs affects — old pigs
Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of oocysts in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with sulfamethazine or ponazuril.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
— can cause fetid, yellow to white diarrhea in 5-14 day old pigs
Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of oocysts in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with sulfamethazine or ponazuril.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
how to treat coccidosis in pigs
Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of oocysts in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with sulfamethazine or ponazuril.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis) affects — old pigs
older (>25 kgs)
growing and finishing pigs
* Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms.
* May pass yellow fibrinonecrotic casts.
* Pathologically, see thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fibrinonecrotic membrane.
* Treated with injectable antibiotics to affected pigs and by feed to the rest of the herd.
growers: 10-26 weeks < 120 kg
what can cause older pigs to pass yellow fibronecrotic casts
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis)
older (>25 kgs)
growing and finishing pigs
* Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms.
* May pass yellow fibrinonecrotic casts.
* Pathologically, see thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fibrinonecrotic membrane.
* Treated with injectable antibiotics to affected pigs and by feed to the rest of the herd.
swine dysentery is caused by
Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery)
Older Pigs (>25 kg)
- Anaerobic spirochete infection.
- Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
- Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
- Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
swine dysentery affects pigs — old
Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery)
Older Pigs (>25 kg)
- Anaerobic spirochete infection.
- Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
- Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
- Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
10 weeks and above
a 15 week old pigs with mucoid large bowel diarrghea with flecks of blood probably is infected with
Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery)
Older Pigs (>25 kg)
- Anaerobic spirochete infection.
- Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
- Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
- Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
whipsworm cause — in — old pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and hemorrhagic diarrhea.
* Diagnosed by observation of classic double-operculated eggs in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, levamisole)(ivermectin not fully effective).
pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and hemorrhagic diarrhea.
* Diagnosed by observation of classic double-operculated eggs in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles. (fenbendazole, levamisole)(ivermectin not fully effective).
can not use pyrantal: not effective against whipworms
how to treat whipworms in pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and hemorrhagic diarrhea.
* Diagnosed by observation of classic double-operculated eggs in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, levamisole).
a 4 month old pig with hemorrhagic diarrhea probably is infected with
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and hemorrhagic diarrhea.
* Diagnosed by observation of classic double-operculated eggs in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles.
Ascaris suum infect — old pigs and cause —
Ascaris suum (roundworms)
2-3 months and older
* >30-cm-long worm of the small intestine.
* May cause intestinal obstruction and migrate into bile ducts and liver causing subcapsular white spots.
* Can cause pulmonary signs (pneumonia) from lung migration and may cause abdominal breathing known as thumps.
* Ascarid eggs may be identified in feces (see image).
* Many treatment options – fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin, levamisole, dichlorvos, piperazine, hygromyci
— can cause liver white spots and intestinal obstructios in pigs
Ascaris suum (roundworms)
2-3 months and older
* >30-cm-long worm of the small intestine.
* May cause intestinal obstruction and migrate into bile ducts and liver causing subcapsular white spots.
* Can cause pulmonary signs (pneumonia) from lung migration and may cause abdominal breathing known as thumps.
* Ascarid eggs may be identified in feces (see image).
* Many treatment options – fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin, levamisole, dichlorvos, piperazine, hygromycin
— can cause rectal strictures in pigs older than 2 months
salmonella
Salmonella
Any Age but Usually Older Pigs (2-3 Months and Up)
* In young pigs, more likely to develop generalized septicemia.
* Older pigs develop fever, yellow liquid diarrhea that may have flecks of necrotic debris.
* May cause rectal strictures – should suspect Salmonella in an epidemic of rectal strictures.
* Diagnosed by fecal culture or from culture of mesenteric lymph nodes.
* Treated/prevented with antibiotics either in water to herd (neomycin, nitrofurazones) or
carbadox in feed.
salmonella can cause — in — old pigs
Salmonella
Any Age but Usually Older Pigs (2-3 Months and Up)
* In young pigs, more likely to develop generalized septicemia.
* Older pigs develop fever, yellow liquid diarrhea that may have flecks of necrotic debris.
* May cause rectal strictures – should suspect Salmonella in an epidemic of rectal strictures.
* Diagnosed by fecal culture or from culture of mesenteric lymph nodes.
* Treated/prevented with antibiotics either in water to herd (neomycin, nitrofurazones) or
carbadox in feed.
parvovirus
parvo in gilts can cause
mummies and stillborns
Trichuris suis - whip worms weaning to adulthood
whipworms can cause — in — old pigs
pasty hemorrhagic diarrhea
older pigs >3 months
ingestion of the encysted larvae in muscle
how to prevent spread of Trichinella spiralis in pigs
stop cannibalizing, prevent pigs from eating rodents and by cooking the garbage fed to them
- worm larvae that will encyst in muscle
treat for mange
how to treat for mange in pigs
sarcoptes scabiei
* skin scraping
* skin lesions, itchy, zoonotic
* avermectins: two doses at 2 week intervals
* quarantine
lack of protection from cold weather
lawsonia intracellularis infection
what causes garden hose gut in pigs
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis)
gram negative bacillus anaeorobe
- soft buttery stool or hemorrhagic diarrhea
- weight loss and thickened intestines
- similar to Johne’s in cows
classical swine fever
— is similar to bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses in pigs
classical swine fever, hog cholera
coughing and sneezing
clinical signs of hog cholera and how does it work
ever, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, shivering, paralysis, conjunctivitis, oral ulcers and petechiation
- caused by classical swine fever
- similar to bovine viral diarrhea virus
- affects stems cells in BM causing neutropenia and thrombocytopenia- become immune-suppressed and get 2ndary bacterial infections
- can cause repro failure
ascaris suum
stephanurus dentastus is a
kidney worm in pigs
fasciola hepatica is a
liver fluke
metastrongylus spp are
lung worms
— is a whipworm found in the cecum and large intestine of pigs
Trichuris suis
Staphyloccus hyicus
greasy pig power page
Exudative epidermitis is a condition of young pigs caused by a — infection characterized by —
Staphylococcus hyicus
reddening of the skin and a greasy exudate
Staphylococcus hyicus is a — that causes —
gram + cocci
greasy pig (Exudative epidermitis)
- Depression, anorexia, decreased growth
- Thickened, red-spotted skin
- Macules around eyes, lips, nose, ears progressing to vesicles or pustules
- Exudation of serum/sebum
- Progresses to entire body being covered with crusted exudates (“Greasy pig”)
- Erosions of coronary band and heel
- Younger suckling piglets are more likely suffer from acute, fatal symptoms
clinical signs of greasy pig
Staphyloccus hyicus
exudative epidermitis
- Depression, anorexia, decreased growth
- Thickened, red-spotted skin
- Macules around eyes, lips, nose, ears progressing to vesicles or pustules
- Exudation of serum/sebum
- Progresses to entire body being covered with crusted exudates (“Greasy pig”)
- Erosions of coronary band and heel
- Younger suckling piglets are more likely suffer from acute, fatal symptoms
- younger pigs < 60 days
what age pig is affected by greasy pig
Staphylococcus hyicus
Exudative epidermitis
younger 5-60 days
treatment for greasy pig
Exudative epidermitis
Staphylococcus hyicus- gram + cocci
- Penicillins and cephalosporin
- Aminoglycosides
- Trimethoprim-sulfonamide, tylosin
- Daily application of topical antiseptics improves success of treatment
how to prevent greasy pig disease
Exudative epidermitis
Staphylococcus hyicus- gram + cocci
- treat exposed pigs with antibiotics for several days
- clip teeth
- soft bedding
- separate infection animals
- decrease fighting
— can treat giardia
metro= anaerobic antibiotic
— is an antibiotic to treat coccidiosis in pigs
sulfamethazine (albon)
ponazuril
amprolium
colitis
clinical signs of strepococcus suis infection in pigs
polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, menigitis
- morbidity and mortality vary greatly and are improved with treatment
- nursing or recently weaned pigs
no treatment in required
when are pigs affected by pityriasis rosea
3-14 weeks
- raised circular lesions on the ventral abdomen
- resolve in a few weeks without treatment
Influenza virus
no treatment. cull
- caused by porcine herpesvirus
- transmission via inhalation
- cowdry type A inclusion bodies, necrotizing lesions of respiratory tract and brain
pseudorabies power page
ponazuril
isospora suis
* 5-15 days (especially 5-7 days)
* coccidiosis in pigs
* treatment: ponazuril, sulfamethazine, amprolium and decoquinate
* fetid, yellow white diarrhea
cull
atrophic rhinitis is caused by
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pateurellla multocida Type D in pigs
- become infected from the sow shortly after birth
- control- select breeding stock that is negative for AR
- TreatmentL antibiotics and flunisin meglumine will not reverse condition
straw
Bordetella bronchispetica or Pasteurella multocida
zearalenone
what is zaeralenone
mycotoxin that causes estrogenic effects
* edema of vulva, reddened
* edema of rectum that can lead to rectal prolapse
diagnose- close-homogenize
vesicular exanthema of swine in caused by
calicivirus that affects pigs, sea lions and other marine mammals
* called San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions, VE not in USA yet
* reporatable disease
E coli
what causes swine dysentery
brachyspira hyodysenteriae
older pigs > 25 kgs (10 weeks or older)
- Anaerobic spirochete infection.
- Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
- Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
- Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
contact the state vet
clinical signs of african swine fever
- reportable to state vet
- high mortality
- fever (pig piling), septicemia (cyanosis, hemorrhage on multiple organs) and enlarged spleens with infarcts
- history of travel to AFrica
- incubatio of 5-15 days
- warthogs are asymptomatic reservoirs
analyze feed for alfatoxin
pigs with hepatic necrosis and fibrosis and poor growth may have been exposed to —
aflatoxin exposure
round worms- ascaris suum
Brachyspira pilosicoli
* Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery) * Older Pigs (>25 kg)
* Anaerobic spirochete infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of bloo
GI
inject all pigs with enrofloxacin
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes —
sudden death in pigs
* exotoxins can cause death in a few hours
* treatment: ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tiamulin, tilmicosin
gastric ulcer
F4 (K88)
which ecoli cause diarrhea in pre weaning pigs
- F4, F5, F6, F41 - pre weaning < 3 weeks
- F4 (K88), F18 (edema disease)- post weaning pigs
F18
vaccinate sows pre-farrowing
african swine fever
pigs
115
* 3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
change genetics for the next mating
porcine stress syndrome
PSS
* sudden rigor mortis, pale muscle, pulmonary edema
* heavily muscled and fast growing pigs can carry this gene
* death: triggered by excitment, stress or placed under some anesthetics (espically halothane)
ascaris suum
swine flu pneumonia
pig necropsy of swine influenza virus pneumonia can show
- cranioventral to patchy, diffuse pneumonia with moderate interlobular edema
- necrotizing brochiolitis with fibrinous exudate in bronchi
- will usually have 2ndary bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics in the water (tetracyclins)
normal durating of farrowing — with an average interval of — between pigs
- 1.5-4.5 hour
- 15-20 mins
- 11-13 piglets are normal
prevent access to soil containing earth worms
intermediate host of metastrongylus
earthworms
- lung worm of pigs
isospora suis (5-15 days, mostly 5-7 days)
* treat with sulfamethazine or ponazuril
ivermectin monthly
praziquantal is used to treat
tapeworms
flukes
* not effective against roundworms
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
E coli
check for clotted blood
how to treat acute iletitis in pigs
tylosin
* acute death in well muscled pig
* intestinal contents with by hemorrhagic and clotted
collect nasal swabs from all aborted sows
brucellosis
bovine viral diarrhea
swine pox
— causes diamond shaped skin lesions and necorsis of the ears and tails
erysipelas
staphylococcus hyicus causes
greasy pig dusease
exudative epidermitis
dark, greasy, brown lesions in the axilla, groin, head and face
swin pox affects — old pigs and causes —
all ages, but more common in young and growing pigs
* round palpules, pustules, vesicles and scabs on ventral abdomoen
* spread by lice and insects
* does NOT require treatment unless 2ndary bacterial infection
vitamin A
low Vit A can cause — in pigs and — in turtles
- head tilt, incoordination, reduced weight gain, weak rear limbs
- middle ear infections in turtle
it is often associated with anemia, fever, icterus and repro failure
Eperythrozoonosis in pigs is caused by
Mycoplasma suis (previously called Eperythrozoon suis)
* caused by biting insects
* clinical signs: anorexia, weakness, anemia, icterus, repro failure
* younger pigs more affects
* treat with tetracycline
pseudorabies
intussusceptions can occur in pigs infected with strongyles
high morbidity and low to moderate mortality
erysipelas rhusiopathiae
Clostridium perfringen type C
parmyxovirus
bone fractures due to nutritional imbalances
* high phosphorus and lack of calcium leads to bone resoption and spontaneous fractures
mycoplasma suis
mucoid diarrhea
zearalenone
pigs
infected boars may be infertile due to poor semen quality
PRRS causes — in neonate pigs
- neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
- weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
- gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
- boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
PRRS can cause — in weaned pigs
- neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
- weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
- gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
- boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
PRRS can cause — in gestating pids
- neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
- weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
- gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
- boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
* caused by coronavirus
* +/- vomiting, diarrhea with curds of undigested milk
* biosecurity is key to prevention
* May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
repro failure
lepto in pigs causes
- acute: fever, anorexia, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice and failure to grow
- Chronic: repro failure: late term abortions, mummies or weak piglets that die in a few days
- dams usually recover, and next litter is fine
other pen mates
Enterotoxogenic E coli
(edema disease F18)
* 1-14 Days Old and Again in First 2 Weeks Post Weaning
typhimurium
Type D: dublin and enteritidis
emotions
pleuropneumonia
pleuropneumonia in pigs is caused by
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae- gram negative coccobacillus
clinical signs of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- sudden onset of respiratory distress with open mouthed breathing
- frothy pink oral and nasal discharge
- lethargic, anorexic, fever
- pigs under 6 months are more affected, but some adults can show signs
- fibrinonecrotic and hemorrhagic lung lesions
clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis
- pigs 3-8 weeks of age
- sneezing, coughing, lacrimation
how is swine flu different from pleuropneumonia
- flu: affects pigs of all ages
- pleuropneumonia: younger pigs more affected but adults can be affected, blood tinged oral and nasal froth- open mouth breathing
high morbidity and low to mod mortality
what can cause GI ulcers in pigs
housing stress
finely ground feed
events that cause pigs to go off feed (respiratory outbreaks, food delivery problems ect)
commingling pigs of different ages
iron dextran injection
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
corona virus caused — in pigs
porcine epidemic diarrhea
transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
pigs
paramyxovirus or rubulavirus
swine flu
mycobacterium avium
sarcoptes scabei- itchy - weight loss
uncomplicated- short course and low death. Antibiotics can be given if concurrent bacterial infections
ingestion by humans can cause cysticercosis
what is taeniasis in humans
- humans eating infected pork with taenia solium tapeworm
- humans eating infected pork that is not cooked eating cysticerci. The cysticerci evaginte and attach to the small intestine. Adult tapeworms then devlop (taeniasis). This is the only way these tapeworms can complete their cycle. The tapeworms shed eggs which can be consumed by humans, but those eggs cannot complete their life cycle and turn in to tapeworms until they are consumed in cyst form. In humans, cysticerosis develops only when tapeworm eggs are ingested.
collect gestation and lactation feed samples for mycotoxin testing
lepto causes — abortions
late term
parvovirus causes — abortions in pigs
mummies
inject all remaining pigs with ceftiofur
what two things can cause polyserositis in 4 week old pigs
polyserositis: inflammation of multiple serous membranes in the body, such as the pleura and pericardium, leading to effusions.
- Strep suis or Glaesserella parasuis
Glasserella parasuis can cause — in — old pigs
- polyserositis: inflammation of multiple serous membranes in the body, such as the pleura and pericardium, leading to effusions.
- sudden death, polyarthritis, septicemia, high fever, CNS signs
- other pigs may appear normal
- 4-8 week old
- to stop outbreak Ceftiofur injections
Glasserella parasuis: gram negative bacteria- commensal of the upper resp tract
high and high
gram stain of Clostridium perfringens
gram + rod
microsporum nanum
salmonella
Clostridium
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
what is actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
gram neg bacteria- coccobacillary
- can cause sudden death, blood tinged fluid in nose
- exotoxin made by the bacteria causes vasculitis and hemolysis, especially in the lungs
vaccinate sows pre-farrowing
HPA axis
penicillin
erysipelas: gram + bacteria
salt poisoning
birds
state vet: Africam swine fever
transcolostrally
earthworms are the intermediate hosts for which worms in pigs
- kideny worm- Stephanurus dentatus
- lungworm= Metastrongylus spp
bracyspira pilosicoli causes — in pigs
spirochaetal colitis
treat all pigs with oral antibiotics for 5 days
tetracyclines
alveolar macrophages
which mycoplasma can cause arthritis in pigs
M. hyorhinis: younger pigs
H hyosynoviae: older pigs
use PCR to find
aflatoxin
vitamin A
which swine pathogen is known to attach to and disrupt the pulmonary mucociliary apparatus
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Eperythrozoonosis in caused by — and is spread by
Mycoplasma suis
biting insects
clinical signs of Eperythrozoonosis
- mycoplasma suis: spread by biting insects
- anorexia, weakness, anemia, icterus, repro failure. Younger pigs more severely affected
- treat with tetracyclines
- NO vaccine available
