Piemonte / History Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the first people to inhabit Piemonte?

A

Taurini and Salassi tribes

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2
Q

When did the Taurini and Salassi tribes settle in Piemonte?

A

around 1st millennium BC

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3
Q

Who did the Taurini and Salassi learn their grapevine sills from?

A

Etruscans

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4
Q

Who merged with the Taurini and Salassi around 400 BC?

A

Celtic tribes from northern Europe

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5
Q

Who were fierce resistance for the Romans?

A

Celtic tribes (after their merger with the Taurini and Salassi)

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6
Q

How long did it take the Romans to conquer the Celts in Piemonte?

A

more than a century (around 100BC)

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7
Q

Who arrived in the 6th century in Piemonte?

A

Lombards

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8
Q

What did the Lombards do to Piemonte?

A

divided region into duchies (ruled by dukes) and counties (ruled by counts)

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9
Q

Who arrived after the Lombards in Piemonte?

A

Charlemagne conquered in late 8th century; incorporated into Holy Roman Empire

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10
Q

What emerged during the Holy Roman Empire in Piemonte?

A

additional divisions; marquisates (marchesati or marche - ruled by marquis) and city-states (commune)

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11
Q

Which marquisates and city-states were most powerful during the Holy Roman Empire in Piemonte?

A

Monferrato and Saluzzo (marquisates); Asti, Alessandria and Navarra city-states

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12
Q

Why did viticulture flourish during the Middle Ages in Piemonte?

A

work of Catholic monks; Monferrato viticultural practices considered the most advanced in region and documented in historical texts

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13
Q

Which royal family eventually gained control over all of Piemonte?

A

House of Savoy; capital in Torino

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14
Q

What happened to the House of Savoy in the 18th century?

A

acquired island of Sardegna and became Kingdom of Sardegna; one of most powerful kingdoms in Italy

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15
Q

What did Piemonte become the center of when the House of Savoy was reinstated in 1815?

A

unification movement (Risorgimento)

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16
Q

What happened in 1861?

A

most independent states united as Kingdom of Italy (still under House of Savoy)

17
Q

What did the House of Savoy bring to Piemonte from the 1860s?

A

prosperity and economic development; agricultural sector modernized

18
Q

What was established in 1885?

A

Enological School of Alba

19
Q

What was Piemonte the epicenter in the late 19th century?

A

Italian Industrial Revolution; transformed region into one of the most industrialized areas in Italy

20
Q

How did viticultural suffer during the Industrial Revolution?

A

oidium (powdery mildew), phylloxera and downy mildew

21
Q

How did viticultural suffer after World War 2?

A

economic and industrial boom encourage people to move to cities for jobs; vineyards abandoned from 1950-1960s.

22
Q

What happened to vineyards in the 1970-1980s?

A

people returned to family holdings to recover them