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MONTH 3- Northern Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland > Piemonte > Flashcards

Piemonte Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 mountain ranges shape Italy?

A

the Apennine Mountains serve as the spine of Italy and the Alps bracket the northern regions

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2
Q

The Po River creates what in Piemonte?

A

cuts through the heart of the region as it flows eastward from its headwaters in the Western Alps, creating a fertile alluvial plain well-suited for standard agriculture but too rich for viticulture

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3
Q

Where does most of Piedmont’s grape-growing occur?

A

in the foothills south of the Po Valley, in the provinces of Asti, Alessandria, and Cuneo

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4
Q

Within the 3 provinces of Piemonte, what hills hold most vineyards?

A

the Monferrato and Langhe hills

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5
Q

What is the climate in Piedmont?

A

Continental climate and the Alps provide a “rain shadow” effect, autumn hail can be a worry in the Langhe hills

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6
Q

What are “sorì” in the Piedmontese dialect?

A

many of the prized southern exposures

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7
Q

Name Piedmont native red varieties aside from Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Vespolina, and Freisa.

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8
Q

What is Piedmont’s most planted white grape?

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat à Petits Grains)

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9
Q

Name native Piedmont white varieties

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce and Favorita (Vermentino)

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10
Q

What DOCGs are located along the Tanaro River in the Cuneo Province?

A

Barolo and Barbaresco (encapsulated by Langhe DOC)

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11
Q

Although Barolo wines may be produced in 11 communes, what 5 communes make up most of the output?

A
  1. La Morra
  2. Barolo
  3. Serralunga d’Alba
  4. Monforte d’Alba
  5. Castiglione Falletto
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12
Q

What soils are more present in Barolo and La Morra?

A

Tortonian soils, which contain a higher proportion of calcareous marl, provide a softer style of wine.

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13
Q

What soils are more present in Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba?

A

Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils, supply more structure in the wine

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14
Q

What are the current aging requirements for Barolo?

A

must be aged at least 38 months from November 1 of the harvest year, but only 18 months need be in oak

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15
Q

What are the current aging requirements for Riserva?

A

a total 62 months prior to release

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16
Q

Name some “traditionalists” in Barolo

A

Giacomo Conterno, Bartolo Mascarello, Giuseppe Rinaldi

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17
Q

Name some “modernists” in Barolo

A

Paolo Scavino, Luciano Sandrone, Elio Altare

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18
Q

Although a portion of Alba is permitted to make Barbaresco, production is concentrated in what three towns?

A

Barbaresco, Neive and Treiso

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19
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco?

A

aged for a minimum of two years (at least 9 months in cask) prior to release

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20
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco Riserva?

A

minimum of four years

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21
Q

Who is responsible for Barbaresco’s fame?

A

Angelo Gaja, whose Nebbiolo-based wines are often no longer released as Barbaresco DOCG but rather as the regional Langhe DOC

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22
Q

The less iconic but equally talented ____ espouses the traditionalist approach in Barbaresco

A

Bruno Giacosa

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23
Q

The local co-operative, _____ , offers great value and exemplifies the terroir of the Barbaresco region.

A

Produttori del Barbaresco

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24
Q

An emphasis on domaines and estate-bottling sparked when in Barolo/Barbaresco?

A

in the 1960s, leading to an unofficial yet critical determination of the single vineyards (crus)

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25
Q

In 2007, the Barolo/Barbaresco/Langhe Consorzio finally voted to do what?

A

enshrine the crus of Barbaresco as legal menzioni geografiche aggiuntive (geographic areas) of the DOCG; in early 2010 Barolo followed suit.

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26
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

a DOCG aromatized wine that is flavored with quinine

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27
Q

What is the standard bearer for Barolo Chinato?

A

Cappellano

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28
Q

What River flows through Piedmont, dividing the Roero from the Langhe and providing a moderating influence?

A

The Tanaro

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29
Q

What are some producers in Brunate, Barolo?

A

Ceretto, Marcarini, Francesco Rinaldi

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30
Q

Describe the Brunate vineyard in Barolo

A

shared between Barolo and La Morra (9ha,19ha). Albeit small in size, it has a highly regarded reputation with southern exposures and excellent soils

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31
Q

What are some producers in Le Coste, Barolo?

A

Giacomo Grimaldi, Giuseppe Rinaldi Barolo Brunate-Le Coste

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32
Q

Describe the Le Coste vineyard in Barolo

A

6ha, has sandy soils similar to those of Cannubi. The central part of the cru faces due south.

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33
Q

Name some producers in Bricco delle Viole in Barolo

A

46ha! Vajra, Marengo, Giovanni Viberti

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34
Q

Describe the famous Cannubi vineyard in Barolo

A

20ha, This is the most prestigious cru in Barolo! It covers a hill, and the vineyards face in all directions

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35
Q

Name some producers in Cannubi

A

Michele Chiarlo, Damilano, Paolo Scavino, Marchesi di Barolo, Ceretto, E. Pira, Luigi Einaudi

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36
Q

Describe the vineyard of Cannubi Boschis in Barolo

A

12ha, Boschis has been singled out for high quality on account of Luciano Sandrone’s production from this site. Producers may label wines from this geographical designation as “Cannubi.” [Luciano Sandrone, Francesco Rinaldi]

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37
Q

Describe the large vineyard of Bussia

A

Monforte d’Alba (292ha), Barolo (7ha)
contains the vineyards “Sottana,” “Rocche,” “Sporana,” “Dardi,” “Pianpolvere,” “Visette,” “Arnulfo,” and “Munie”; “Rocche” is a natural extension of the Rocche de Castiglione Falletto and once the source of Parruso’s “Barolo Rocche.”

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38
Q

What are some producers in Bussia?

A

Prunotto, Parusso, Silvano Bolmida, Monti, Conterno Fantino, Aldo Conterno

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39
Q

Describe the vineyard of Ginestra in Monforte d’Alba

A

114ha, has a famous (if recent) reputation, gained through the success of Elio Grasso’s Gavarini Vigna Chiniera and Casa Maté, as well as Domenico Clerico’s Ciabot Mentin and Pajana.

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40
Q

Name some producers in Ginestra

A

Clerico, Elio Grasso, Conterno Fantino

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41
Q

Monprivato is a monopole of whom?

A

In Castiglione Falletto, 7ha,Guiseppe Mascarello (monopole), famed vineyard, but there have been historical disputes over the vineyard’s boundaries.

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42
Q

What cru has been given grand reputation due to its famed producers?

A

Fiasco in Castiglione Falletto, 8ha, producers- Azelia, Paolo Scavino (The lowest part of the hillside is planted to Dolcetto and Barbera)

43
Q

Describe the cru of Cerretta in Serralunga d’Alba

A

40ha, This was formerly divided into three different crus: Bricco Cerretta, Cerretta Piani, and Cerretta. They are now collectively referred to as Cerretta.

44
Q

Name some producers in Cerretta in Serralunga d’Alba

A

Elio Altare, Giacomo Conterno, Azelia, Luigi Baudana, Ca’Rome, Schiavenza

45
Q

Describe the cru of Serra in Serralunga d’Alba

A

10ha , located on a ridge line, and the vineyards extend over opposing sides of the hill. The best sites face west. Producers- Bruno Giacosa, Pio Cesare, Giovanni Rosso

46
Q

Falletto in Serralunga d’Alba is a monopole of whom?

A

9ha, Bruno Giacosa, noted for its higher altitude vineyards, exceeding 400 meters, and is the source of the producer’s Le Rocche del Falletto Riserva.

47
Q

Francia in Serralunga d’Alba is a monopole of whom?

A

16ha, Giacomo Conterno, has owned this west-facing site since 1974, and produces Barolo Cascina Francia, Barolo Riserva Monfortino, and Barbera from the site.

48
Q

What is the largest cru in all of Barbaresco at 78ha?

A

Ovello

49
Q

Name some producers in Ovello

A

Produttori del Barbaresco, Cascina Morassino, Valfieri. It contains the historic sites of Canova, Casot, and Loreto.

50
Q

Name some producers in the highly regarded Montestefano in Barbaresco

A

10ha, Produttori del Barbaresco, Serafino Rivella, La Ca’Nova (similar to Montefico in its southern exposure and optimal altitude)

51
Q

What cru in Barbaresco is home to Gaja’s San Lorenzo vineyard?

A

Secondine, 15ha

52
Q

Name some producers in the highly regarded Barbaresco cru of Pajè

A

8ha, Produttori del Barbaresco, Roagna

53
Q

Name some producers in the famous Barbaresco cru of Asili

A

14ha, Ceretto, Michele Chiarlo, Bruno Giacosa, Produttori del Barbaresco, This cru covers a full 360° area, though the most famous portion of it faces south and borders Martinenga.

54
Q

What excellent cru in Barbaresco is a monopole of Marchesi di Gresy?

A

Martinenga, 17ha The subzones (and subsequent individual bottlings) of Gaiun and Camp Gros are considered the best part of the cru.

55
Q

The Rabajà cru in Barbaresco can be divided into what 2 sections?

A

one faces due south and the other consists of a southwestern-facing amphitheater. Bruno Giacosa made a bottling from this site prior to 2005, when this portion of the cru was annexed into Asili.

56
Q

Name some producers in the Rabajà cru in Barbaresco

A

15ha, Castello di Verduno, Bruno Rocca, Produttori del Barbaresco

57
Q

What is the cepage of wines from Roero

A

min 95% Nebbiolo, Max 5% other non-aromatic red grapes of Piemonte

58
Q

What lies on the northwestern bank of the Tanaro River, opposite Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

The Roero DOCG

59
Q

When was The Roero DOCG elevated from DOC?

A

in 2004

60
Q

What is the cepage of wines from Roero Arneis

A

min 95% Arneis, max 5% other non-aromatic white grapes of Piemonte

61
Q

Describe the wines of Roero and soil influence

A

sandy soils, north of the commune of Alba, a lighter style of Nebbiolo than Barolo/Barbaresco, many producers are experimenting with modern approaches

62
Q

What other Two other Nebbiolo-based DOCG reds are produced in the hills north of the Po River?

A

Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG

63
Q

Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG straddle what river?

A

the Sesia River

64
Q

What is the cepage in Gattinara DOCG?

A

min 90% Spanna, max 10% in total of Bonarda di Gattinara and Vespolina (Vespolina cannot exceed 4%)

65
Q

What is Nebbiolo called in Gattinara/Ghemme?

A

Spanna

66
Q

What is the cepage in Ghemme DOCG?

A

min 85% Spanna, combined max 15% Vespolina and Uva Rara (Bonarda Novarese)

67
Q

What DOC zones near Ghemme produce similar Nebbiolo-based red blends?

A

The Lessona and Sizzano DOC zones

68
Q

What grapes in Gattinara/Ghemme are usually blended with Spanna?

A

Vespolina and Bonarda

69
Q

How does the Bonarda used in blending differ in Ghemme and Gattinara?

A

Ghemme- Uva Rara/Bonarda Novarese clone
Gattinara- Bonarda di Gattinara clone
(Neither grape is related to the Bonarda of Argentina)

70
Q

What isolated DOC zone near the border of Valle d’Aosta produces fragrant Nebbiolo wines, especially in warmer vintages?

A

Carema DOC

71
Q

What 2 DOCGs exist for Barbera in the Monferrato hills east of the Langhe?

A

Barbera d’Asti and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore

72
Q

When were Barbera d’Asti and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore upgraded from DOC?

A

2008

73
Q

Barbera d’Asti and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore both require what in the blend?

A

minimum 85% Barbera

74
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbera d’Asti?

A

normale- a short four-month aging period

Superiore- 14 mos from Nov 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in oak

75
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbera del Monferrato?

A

must be superiore and spends 14 months aging prior to release, including 6 months in cask

76
Q

Barbera d’Asti Superiore con indicazione della sottozona (with indication of subzone) may include what 3 subzones on its label?

A

The 3: Tinella, Colli Astiani (Astiano), Nizza

77
Q

Barbera del Monferrato is released as a rosso or what?

A

Frizzante

78
Q

Modern Barbera often sees ___ ____

A

new wood

79
Q

The Monferrato hills received what third DOCG in late 2010?

A

Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato

80
Q

Describe Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG

A

An aromatic red wine produced from the local Ruchè grape

81
Q

What does the name of the Ruchè grape suggest?

A

either a strong resistance to the viral disease roncet, which plagues other varieties of the region, or its arrival in Piedmont alongside French monks, who dedicated a medieval monastery to Saint Rocco in the region.

82
Q

What Three DOCG wines are produced from 100% Dolcetto?

A
  1. Dogliani
  2. Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada)
  3. Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba (Diano d’Alba)
83
Q

How do the wines of Ovada differ from those of Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba and Dogliani?

A

Ovada wines must be superiore to qualify for DOCG status, whereas Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba and Dogliani may be released in both normale and superiore versions

84
Q

What is the minimum aging for all 3 Dolcetto DOCGs in superiore styles?

A

1 year

85
Q

Like Barolo and Barbaresco, Diano d’Alba DOCG wines may include what on the label?

A

menzioni geografiche aggiuntive on the label—77 sorì are classified as superior exposures

86
Q

What does Dogliani’s fame rest, in part, upon?

A

On the wines of Luigi Einaudi, who was elected as the second President of the Italian Republic in 1948

87
Q

What was the first still white wine in Piedmont to be promoted to the DOCG level?

A

Gavi (Cortese di Gavi)

88
Q

Where is the Gavi DOCG located?

A

in the extreme southern portion of Alessandria province and shares its western border with Ovada

89
Q

What styles are the Gavi DOCG wines made in?

A

The wines are generally still (tranquillo), spumante or frizzante versions are sometimes encountered

90
Q

What appellation just south of Carema transitioned from DOC to DOCG in late 2010?

A

Erbaluce di Caluso

91
Q

What may the wines of Erbaluce di Caluso be?

A

The white wines, produced from the high-acid, herbal-scented Erbaluce grape, may be still, spumante, or passito in style, with the latter type generally provoking the most praise.

92
Q

What is the largest producer of DOCG wine in Italy?

A

Asti

93
Q

Asti shed the pejorative “__ ___” label with its move from DOC to DOCG, but the wines are always fully ___

A

Asti Spumante, sparkling (Spumante)

94
Q

The wines of Asti DOCG are comprised soley of what?

A

Moscato Bianco and blended from vast vineyards across the southern provinces of Piedmont

95
Q

Asti DOCG wines undergo secondary fermentation, usually via what method?

A

the Charmat Method

96
Q

the maximum allowed pressure for Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

was raised from 1.7 to 2 atmospheres in 2011

97
Q

How does Moscato d’Asti differ from Asti?

A

is a rarer and more artisanal product crafted from riper Moscato Bianco grapes, it is only slightly sparkling (frizzante) rather than spumante

98
Q

What is the alcohol level of Moscato d’Asti?

A

between 4.5% and 6.5%

99
Q

More serious traditional method sparkling wines are produced as what in Piemonte?

A

Alta Langa DOCG from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes, made in the style of Champagne or Franciacorta

100
Q

What are the aging requirements for Alta langa spumpante wines?

A

In deference to the qualities impacted by aging on the lees, may not be released for 30 months after harvest, and riserva versions may not be released for a full 3 years

101
Q

Despite the fact that Chardonnay and Pinot Noir have been planted in Piedmont since the early 1800s, the Alta Langa Spumante DOCG was not awarded until when?

A

late 2010, represents a rapid culmination of successes for an appellation that earned its DOC as recently as 2002, and contained only a scant 20 hectares of experimental plantings in 1994

102
Q

Name some notable Alta Langa spumante producers

A

Fontanafredda and Enrico Serafino

103
Q

Describe Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG

A

sparkling reds, retain local rustic charm, are usually sweet but both dry and still versions of Brachetto exist, although they are increasingly rare

MONTH 3- Northern Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland (11 decks)

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