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MONTH 3- Northern Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland > Austria > Flashcards

Austria Flashcards

1
Q

The first record of Trockenbeerenauslese in Austria dates back to when?

A

1526, predating Spätlese in Germany by over 200 years

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2
Q

What viticultural research institute focused attention on grape crossings and higher yields?

A

At Klosterneuburg, built in 1860

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3
Q

What was a viticultural breakthrough with worldwide ramifications created in the 1950s in Austria?

A

mechanization of the vineyards followed Dr. Lenz Moser’s development of the wire trellising system

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4
Q

What was the “antifreeze” scandal of 1985?

A

surfaced when one of the guilty parties tried to claim the chemical as a legitimate winery expense on his tax return- Diethylene glycol—a colorless, odorless, poisonous chemical—gave a light wine some added texture

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5
Q

What is antifreeze actually?

A

ethylene glycol NOT Diethylene glycol

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6
Q

What was Austria’s response to the Antifreeze scandal?

A

they drafted some of the strictest wine laws in Europe and quickly refocusing on quality

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7
Q

From north to south, what are the four major winemaking regions?

A
  1. Niederösterreich
  2. Wien (Vienna)
  3. Burgenland
  4. Styria (Steiermark).
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8
Q

Define weinbaugebiete

A

winemaking regions

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9
Q

Niederösterreich and Burgenland contain about __% of the country’s vineyards

A

90

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10
Q

With nearly 30% of the total vineyard acreage, the indigenous Grüner Veltliner is the most cultivated white variety, followed by what?

A

Welschriesling, Müller Thurgau, Weißburgunder, Riesling, and Chardonnay

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11
Q

Austrian synonyms for Chardonnay?

A

Morillon and Feinburgunder

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12
Q

What red grapes are planted in Austria?

A

Zweigelt, followed by Blaufränkisch itself, Blauer Portugieser, and Blauburger

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13
Q

What is Zweigelt?

A

a Blaufränkisch x St. Laurent crossing developed in Austria in 1922

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14
Q

What is Blauburger?

A

Blaufränkisch x Blauer Portugieser

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15
Q

What are the 3 levels of quality?

A

Wein, Landwein, and Qualitätswein

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16
Q

Rules for Qualitätswein, the highest caliber of quality and regional specificity in Austria?

A

sourced from a single Weinbaugebiete or one of the 16 smaller wine regions and may be produced from one or more of 35 permitted grapes

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17
Q

Qualitätswein must also pass what?

A

a tasting panel and chemical analysis, indicated by a State Control Number (Prüfnummer)

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18
Q

Qualitätswein wines include what on the bottle?

A

the red and white banderole on the capsule

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19
Q

What did the generic category of “Wein” replace?

A

Tafelwein in time for the 2009 vintage

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20
Q

What are the rules for the Wein level?

A

may carry a vintage date/varietal on the label, but may not exhibit a more exclusive statement of origin than Österreich

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21
Q

Landwein production is restricted to what?

A

the same 35 varietals permitted for Qualitätswein, but the wines are labeled with one of three broad geographic areas

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22
Q

What are the 3 broad geographic areas (Weinbauregionen) allowed for Landwein?

A

Weinland, Steierland, or Bergland

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23
Q

For Landwein, the “Weinland” area covers what?

A

areas defined as Niederösterreich, Wien and Burgenland

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24
Q

For Landwein, the “Steierland” area corresponds to what?

A

Steiermark

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25
Q

For Landwein, the “Bergland” area corresponds to what?

A

around 500 ha of vineyard land scattered throughout the remainder of Austria’s mountainous countryside

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26
Q

What do all three levels of quality share?

A

a maximum yield of 67.5 hl/ha but minimum must weights increase with each level of quality

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27
Q

Qualitätswein may be further subdivided into what 2 categories?

A

Prädikatswein and Districtus Austriae Controllatus (DAC)

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28
Q

Austrian Prädikatswein shares many characteristics of its German counterparts, with what?

A

a similar progression of late harvest designations and a typically sweeter profile

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29
Q

What min. alcohol is required for wines labeled by prädikat?

A

5%

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30
Q

In Austria, Kabinett wines are considered a subset of what?

A

Qualitätswein rather than a beginning rung on the ladder of Prädikatswein

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31
Q

Even at the Kabinett level winemakers are prohibited from practicing what?

A

both chaptalization and the addition of Süssreserve

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32
Q

Austria’s Prädikatswein hierarchy includes the additional categories of what?

A

strohwein and ausbruch

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33
Q

What is strohwein?

A

a dried grape wine of at least Beerenauslese ripeness

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34
Q

What is ausbruch?

A

a sweet specialty of Rust in Neusiedlersee-Hügelland

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35
Q

Most of Austria’s lusciously sweet wines are produced where?

A

around the lake of Neusiedlersee in Burgenland

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36
Q

The vast majority of the country’s white wines are what?

A

fermented dry

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37
Q

Dry wines are the focus of what?

A

the DAC system

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38
Q

What is the DAC system?

A

A newer indication of origin for Qualitätswein designed to align Austrian regions with wine profiles in the mind of the consumer, in the tradition of the French/Italian systems

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39
Q

From the 2013 vintage onward, what 9 DACs have been developed?

A
  1. Weinviertel (2002)
  2. Mittelburgenland (2005)
  3. Traisental (2006)
  4. Kremstal (2007)
  5. Kamptal (2008)
  6. Leithaberg (2009)
  7. Eisenberg (2010)
  8. Neusiedlersee (2012)
  9. Wiener Gemischter Satz (2013)
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40
Q

Each DAC prescribes what?

A

limited grape varietals, minimum alcohol content and stylistic choices for the producer

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41
Q

Niederösterreich, or Lower Austria, is the largest what?

A

winegrowing region in the county

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42
Q

Niederösterreich contains what?

A

twice the planted vineyard area of the next leading Weinbaugebiete, Burgenland

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43
Q

In southern Niederösterreich, the alpine terrain that characterizes western and central Austria yields to what?

A

The Pannonian Plain

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44
Q

What is The Pannonian Plain?

A

a former seabed of loess soils stretching from eastern Austria through Hungary and many countries of the former eastern bloc

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45
Q

What is the climate of Niederösterreich?

A

continental- hot, dry summers and severe winters; the seasonal divide is much more pronounced than in many of the milder winegrowing climates of Western Europe.

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46
Q

Most of Niederösterreich’s subzones are located where?

A

along the path of the Danube River (and its tributaries) as it cuts through the region; Weinviertel and Thermenregion provide the exceptions

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47
Q

What are the 8 subzones of Niederösterreich?

A
  1. Weinviertel
  2. Carnuntum
  3. Traisental
  4. Wagram
  5. Kremstal
  6. Kamptal
  7. Wachau
  8. Thermenregion
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48
Q

What is Niederösterreich’s largest subzone and was Austria’s first DAC?

A

Weinviertel

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49
Q

Where is Weinviertel located?

A

in the hills north of the Danube and the Pannonian Plain and provides a fresher, lighter wine in this cooler climate

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50
Q

Weinviertel DAC wines must be what?

A

Grüner Veltliner, with a minimum alcohol of 12%

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51
Q

What must Weinviertel DAC wines show in a tasting panel to be approved?

A

” fruity, spicy, peppery; no Botrytis note; no wood tone”

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52
Q

What debuted in Weinviertel in 2009?

A

A Reserve category

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53
Q

Reserve category wines in Weinviertel are what?

A

fuller-bodied wines, min alcohol of 13% and may reveal hints of both botrytis and wood, supported by the richer character of the wine

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54
Q

Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DACs have very similar what?

A

regulations

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55
Q

Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DACs may be produced from what?

A

Grüner Veltliner or Riesling, labeled Classic or Reserve, min alcohol content of 12% or 13%.

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56
Q

Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DAC wines may not exhibit what in the Classic examples?

A

no obvious notes of either botrytis or wood

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57
Q

How do Grüner varietal wines from Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DAC differ from their neighboring Weinviertel?

A

they show a more delicate spice, rather than the pungent white pepper of Weinviertel

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58
Q

Where are Kremstal and Kamptal located?

A

in western Niederösterreich, along the Krems and Kamp Rivers, tributaries of the Danube

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59
Q

Langenlois, one of Austria’s most important wine towns, is located where?

A

in the Kamptal

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60
Q

What nearby vineyards of Langenlois in the Kamptal are highly regarded?

A

Heiligenstein, Lamm, and Dechant vineyards

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61
Q

While Austrian single vineyard wines are labeled in the German fashion, with the village and vineyard name, many producers observe the old custom of what?

A

replacing the village with the word Ried, indicating a top site

62
Q

In 2010, 52 top sites throughout Kremstal, Kamptal, Wagram and Traisental were elevated to what?

A

The status of Erste Lage by the Österreichischen Traditionsweingüter

63
Q

What is the Österreichischen Traditionsweingüter?

A

an association of producers founded in 1992. Although the classification does not yet have legal status, the organization is closely aligning itself to the DAC concept

64
Q

What varieties are permitted to carry the Austrian Erste Lage logo?

A

only Grüner Veltliner and Riesling

65
Q

Key Producers of Kamptal DAC?

A

Schloss Gobelsberg, Bründlmayer, Brandl, Hirsch, Hiedler

66
Q

Key Producers of Carnuntum?

A

Muhr-van der Niepoort, Gerhard Markowitsch, Glatzer

67
Q

Key Producers of Kremstal DAC?

A

Stadt Krems, Nigl

68
Q

Key producer in the Thermenregion?

A

Johanneshof Reinisch

69
Q

Key Producers of Traisental DAC?

A

Markus Huber, Ludwig Neumayer

70
Q

Key Producers of the Wachau?

A

Emmerich Knoll, Franz Hirtzberger, Rudi Pichler, FX Pichler, Prager

71
Q

Key Producers of the Wagram?

A

Stift Klosterneuburg, Bernhard Ott, Wimmer-Czerny, Leth

72
Q

Key Producers of Weinviertel DAC?

A

R & A Schwarzböck, Pfaffl

73
Q

What is Niederösterreich’s westernmost subregion?

A

the Wachau

74
Q

The Wachau is a narrow band of what?

A

steep slopes between Melk and Krems along the banks of the Danube, which moderates the otherwise severe continental climate.

75
Q

What enables the Wachau wines to retain high natural acidity?

A

The river and cool northern winds chill the summer nights significantly

76
Q

In the style of the Mosel, much of the Wachau’s best vineyard land encompasses what?

A

terraced slopes on the north bank of the river

77
Q

What is the soil structure of the Wachau?

A

a combination of loess and gföhler (gneiss), with a proportion of alluvial sand in the lower vineyard sites near the river’s edge

78
Q

The unique climate, soil, and aspect of the Wachau yield Austria’s most what?

A

extracted, ageworthy white wines; Grüner Veltliner/Riesling

79
Q

Instead of the typical Prädikatswein hierarchy, producers in the Wachau have developed their own categories of classification:

A

Steinfeder, Federspiel, and Smaragd

80
Q

What does the Steinfeder category entail?

A

(a local grass found in the vineyards) is the lightest style, with a min must weight of 15° KMW and a max alcohol of 11.5%

81
Q

What does the Federspiel category entail?

A

(a falconer’s tool) has a min must weight of 17° KMW and a final alcohol range of 11.5%-12.5%.

82
Q

What does the Smaragd category entail?

A

(an emerald lizard who basks on the terraces) has a min alcohol of 12.5%, min must weight of 19° KMW—the approximate equivalent of 95° Öchsle, or Spätlese ripeness

83
Q

Wachau Steinfeder, Federspiel and Smaragd wines must be what?

A

dry

84
Q

Smaragd wines can reach what?

A

high alcohol levels, and show a high degree of extract

85
Q

Inevitably Smaragd wines can display what?

A

tones of botrytis

86
Q

What is home to the some of the Wachau’s most pedigreed vines?

A

The vineyard of Achleiten, in the village of Weissenkirchen

87
Q

What trio are amongst the Wachau’s finest estates?

A

FX Pichler, Prager, and Emmerich Knoll

88
Q

FX Pichler, Prager, and Emmerich Knoll are all members of what organization?

A

Vinea Wachau

89
Q

What is Vinea Wachau?

A

an organization of estates sworn to uphold the tenets of natural winemaking as spelled out in the Codex Wachau

90
Q

What are the tenets of the Codex Wachau?

A
  • no additives (including chaptalization)
  • no aromatization (including the use of new barrique)
  • no “fractionation” (techniques such as de-alcoholization)
91
Q

All wines released by members of the Vinea Wachau must be what?

A

bottled in the region and vinified from grapes grown in the Wachau

92
Q

Founded in 1983, the Vinea Wachau members control what?

A

more than 85% of the region’s vineyard acreage

93
Q

To the east of Wachau, Kremstal and Kamptal is the region of what?

A

Wagram

94
Q

What was the Wagram known as prior to 2007?

A

Donauland

95
Q

The Wagram follows the course of the __ as it passes out of ___.

A

Danube, Vienna

96
Q

Grüner Veltliner is the main grape of the Wagram, but what is a specialty?

A

Roter Veltliner, an unrelated red grape produced as a white wine

97
Q

What lies within eastern Wagram?

A

The institute at Klosterneuburg

98
Q

____ and ____ are both located south of Vienna

A

Carnuntum, Thermenregion

99
Q

Far from the Danube, Thermenregion experiences what?

A

the full force of the hot Pannonian summers

100
Q

What rare white grapes are cultivated in the Thermenregion?

A

Rotgipfler and Zierfandler, produced varietally or as the blended Spätrot-Rotgipfler

101
Q

Carnuntum’s climate is similar to what?

A

that of sunny, neighboring Burgenland

102
Q

Carnuntum production is oriented towards what?

A

red wines, particularly Zweigelt

103
Q

What are still popular in Carnuntum?

A

Gemischter Satz

104
Q

Where are Austria’s best red and sweet white wines produced?

A

Burgenland, the other half of Weinland Österreich

105
Q

What does Burgenland border and share many viticultural and climactic traits with?

A

Hungary, regions such as Sopron

106
Q

The hot continental, Pannonian climate in Burgenland is tempered by what?

A

the cooling influence of the Neusiedlersee

107
Q

What is the Neusiedlersee?

A

a large, shallow lake dividing the subzones of Neusiedlersee and Neusiedlersee-Hügelland to the west

108
Q

What are the other two subzones of Burgenland located in the south?

A

Mittelburgenland and Südburgenland

109
Q

As of the 2011 vintage, Burgenland claims what 4 DAC zones?

A
  1. Mittelburgenland
  2. Leithaberg
  3. Eisenberg
  4. Neusiedlersee
110
Q

What does Mittelburgenland DAC produce?

A

red wines from Blaufränkisch

111
Q

Mittelburgenland DAC Blaufränkisch ageing requirements?

A

March 1 in the year following the harvest, min alc- 12.5%

Reserve- additional year, min alcohol 13%

112
Q

Although many producers in the region are experimenting with barriques, the Mittelburgenland DAC regulations stipulate what?

A

large casks or used wood in the event of barrique-aging

113
Q

Where is Leithaberg located?

A

in the district of Eisenstadt within Neusiedlersee-Hügelland

114
Q

What was the first DAC to allow both red and white wines?

A

Leithaberg

115
Q

What may Leithaberg DAC whites be?

A

blends or single varietals produced from GV, Chard, Neuburger, or Weissburgunder

116
Q

What are Leithaberg DAC red wines composed of?

A

min 85% Blaufränkisch, with stipulations similar to those of Mittelburgenland on new wood.

117
Q

Where is Eisenberg located?

A

Südburgenland

118
Q

What are the Eisenberg DAC red wines produced from?

A

Blaufränkisch

119
Q

What is Blaufränkisch known as in Germany?

A

Lemberger

120
Q

What is Blaufränkisch known as in Hungary?

A

Kékfrankos

121
Q

Describe the profile of Blaufränkisch

A

medium weight, with supple texture, deep color and spicy red and black fruit flavors

122
Q

What is Burgenland’s most exciting and most planted red grape?

A

Blaufränkisch

123
Q

What other red grape has significant acreage in Burgenland?

A

Zweigelt

124
Q

What is Zweigelt’s parent that is being cultivated with increasing frequency?

A

the thin-skinned, low-tannin St. Laurent

125
Q

Where does the Alois Kracher estate lie?

A

In the village of Illmitz in Neusiedlersee

126
Q

What wines does Aloiz Kracher make?

A

eiswein, BA and TBA bottlings

127
Q

What is among Scheurebe’s finest expressions to date?

A

The late Alois Kracher’s TBA Scheurebe

128
Q

On the opposite shore, in Neusiedlersee-Hügelland, is what town, famous for the production of ausbruch?

A

Rust

129
Q

What is ausbruch?

A

a traditional sweet wine dating to the 17th century

130
Q

Grapes destined for ausbruch are harvested at what?

A

a minimum 27° KMW (approximately 138°Öchsle)

131
Q

How does production of ausbruch bear similarities to the process of Tokaji?

A

richly concentrated botrytis-affected must is added to less concentrated must—from fruit harvested in the same vineyard—and the two are fermented together, then aged in barrel before release

132
Q

What grapes were traditionally used in Ruster Ausbruch?

A

Furmint grapes

133
Q

What grapes are used in modern Ruster Ausbruch?

A

Chardonnay, Muskateller, Pinot Blanc, Neuburger, Welschriesling, Traminer and Pinot Gris

134
Q

Neusiedlersee gained DAC status in 2012 for what?

A

Classic and Reserve red wines based on Zweigelt

135
Q

Where is Styria, or Steiermark?

A

a mountainous region to the south of Burgenland

136
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Styria?

A
  1. Südsteiermark
  2. Weststeiermark
  3. Südoststeiermark
137
Q

What region contains approximately 9% of the nation’s vineyards, and there are no DAC zones as of 2010?

A

Styria

138
Q

What is Styria’s most cultivated varietal?

A

Welschriesling, a grape unrelated (and inferior) to the noble Riesling, followed by Weissburgunder

139
Q

What performs especially well in the Südsteiermark?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

140
Q

What producer is a leading light in Südsteiermark?

A

Manfred Tement, excelling with both unoaked and barrique-aged versions of SB

141
Q

In the Weststeiermark, what ancient grape comprises over 95% of the red grape acreage and is often vinified as Schilcher?

A

Blauer Wildbacher

142
Q

What is Schilcher?

A

a racy style of local rosé

143
Q

Where does Wien lie?

A

on the Danube River

144
Q

What Niederösterreich subzones surround Wien on 3 sides?

A

Thermenregion, Carnuntum, Weinviertel, and Wagram

145
Q

With over 700 ha of vines, Wien is the only capital city in Europe to have what?

A

its own wine appellation within city limits

146
Q

What is commonly produced by Viennese winemakers, as is heuriger?

A

Gemischter Satz

147
Q

What is Gemischter Satz?

A

a nouveau wine consumed in its infancy in taverns of the same name

148
Q

Wien DAC wines are what?

A

white and produced from a blend of at least 3 varieties.

149
Q

Wiener (Viennese) Gemischter Satz received its own DAC when?

A

for the 2013 vintage

150
Q

What is Sturm?

A

The even-fresher Sturm—a half-fermented, sparkling grape juice—usually accompanies harvest-time meals

MONTH 3- Northern Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland (11 decks)

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