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Italian Wine Scholar North > Piemonte > Flashcards

Piemonte Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Dolcetto (R) production like in the Langhe?

A
  1. The Langhe produces the most Dolcetto (R) wine in Piemonte
  2. It also produces the finest expression of it
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2
Q

What are the aging requirements of the Barbaresco DOCG?

A

26 months with 9 in oak
Riserva’s - 50 months with 9 in oak
Wines benefit greatly from aging

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3
Q

Where does Nebbiolo (R) tend to ripen earlier Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco - Because it is closer to the Tanaro River and therefore slightly warmer

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4
Q

What geological formation does Barbaresco belong to?

A

The Tortonian
- Calcareous marls but unlike Barolo there is alternating layers of sand

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5
Q

What % of Nebbiolo must be in Barbaresco DOCG wines?

A

100%

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6
Q

In the 1950s and 60s what 2 producers demonstrated Barbaresco’s real potential?

A

Gaja and Giacosa

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7
Q

Prior to the 1890s what were the grapes of Barbaresco used for?

A

The production of Barolo

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8
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo DOCG?

A

38 months with 18 in oak
Riserva’s are 62 months with 18 in oak

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9
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

A rare aromatized wine
Quinine, aromatic herbs and spices are added to Barolo
Usually drunk as a digestif

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10
Q

What is the Barolo style?

A
  1. Not deep in color - light ruby to garnet
  2. Intense, complex aromas of flowers, red berries, cherries, tar and earth
  3. Palate shows concentration, dense texture, full body, and an acid tannin core
  4. Needs time in bottle to soften
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11
Q

What makes up Helvetian/Serravallian soil?

A

Sandstone and sand
It is poorer, less compact and less fertile than Tortonian soil

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12
Q

What makes up Tortonian soils?

A

Calcareous marls more fertile than the Helvetian soil
These wines are more perfumed, elegant, fruitier and softer

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13
Q

What are the 2 soils located in Barolo/Langhe from?

A
  1. The older Helvetian/Serravallian
  2. The younger Tortonian

For the most part the soils of Barolo belong to the Tortonian era

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14
Q

How many geographical designations are in Barolo?

A

181 with 11 being communes

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15
Q

How much Nebbiolo (R) must be in Barolo wine?

A

100% and only from strictly delimited boundaries

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16
Q

Which DOCG gives the highest and most powerful expression of the Nebbiolo (R) grape?

A

Barolo DOCG

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17
Q

In Langhe where is Dolcetto planted?

A

This early ripening grape is planted on the highest and coolest sites where Barbera (R) and Nebbiolo (R) cant ripen

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18
Q

What is the most widely planted grapes in the Langhe?

A
  1. Nebbiolo (R)
  2. Dolcetto (R)
  3. Barbera (R)
  4. Moscato Bianco (W)
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19
Q

What moderates the climate of the Langhe Hills?

A

The Tanaro River

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20
Q

What are the Langhe Hills divided into?

A
  1. Alta Langhe (Higher Langhe)
  2. Bassa Langhe (Lower Langhe)

The town of Monforte d ‘Alba is the separation point

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21
Q

What are the classic grapes of the Alba Province?

A
  1. Nebbiolo
  2. Barbera
  3. Dolcetto
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22
Q

What are the soils of the Roero Hills made of?

A

Formed 5 mya
Softer and sandier
Rich in marine fossils

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23
Q

What are the hills of the Langhe Hills made of?

A

Formed 15 mya
Calcareous marls
Known as Terre Bianche

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24
Q

What does Alba’s mild and foggy autumn do to the growing season?

A

Extends the growing season, allowing late ripening grapes like Nebbiolo (R) to fully ripen

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25
Q

What is the general climate of the Alba Province?

A
  1. Moderately continental with cold winters and warm dry summers
  2. The hills have wide diurnal temperature swings
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26
Q

Describe the Langhe Hills

A

Higher elevation
Gradual slopes

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27
Q

Describe the Roero Hills?

A

Low Rising
Steeply sloped

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28
Q

What river separates the Roero Hills on the left bank from the Langhe Hills on the right bank?

A

The Tanaro River

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29
Q

What does Erbaluce (W) grapes high acid make it suitable for producing?

A

Passito wines

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30
Q

What % of Erbaluce (W) must be in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG wine?

A

100%

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31
Q

Where is the Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG located?

A

Entirely within the banks of the Ivrea Glacial Moraine

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32
Q

What is the aging requirement for Carema wines?

A

2 years with 1 in oak
Riserva’s are 3 years with 1 in oak

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33
Q

What is the minimum % of Nebbiolo (R) in Carema wines?

A

85%

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34
Q

What does the climate in Carema compare to?

A

The cool climate of the Valle d’Aosta

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35
Q

What is Carema in the Canavese Province known for?

A

Small production of Nebbiolo (R) based wines called Vino di Montagna (mountain wine)

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36
Q

What is the aging time for Gattinara DOCG wines?

A

35 months with 24 in oak
Riserva’s 47 months with 36 in oak

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37
Q

What % of Nebbiolo (R) must be in Gattinara DOCG wine?

A

90%

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38
Q

How must the Gattinara vineyards be planted?

A

Exclusively on slopes with optimal exposure
Gattinara hills have the best natural conditions in terms of exposure, altitude and soil

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39
Q

Which DOCG in Vercelli province has the best and longest lived expression of Nebbiolo (R)?

A

Gattinara DOCG

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40
Q

What river bisects the Canavese District of Northern Piemonte?

A

Dora Baltea

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41
Q

What grape has the greatest reputation of all the Piemonte grapes?

A

Nebbiolo (R) with less than 10% of the total plantings
Concentrated in areas of Barolo and Barbaresco

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42
Q

What areas of Piemonte are the strongholds for Barbera?

A

Asti and Alessandria

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43
Q

What is the topographical makeup of Piemonte?

A

43% Mountains - External ring
30% Hills - Middle Ring, majority of vineyards
27% Plains - inner band, too flat and fertile for grapes

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44
Q

T or F - Piemonte prefers international grapes.

A

False

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44
Q

What happened to Piemonte during the 19th century?

A

Piemonte became the center of the Risorgimento
The unification movement growing throughout the peninsula
This resulted in the unification of Italy on March 17, 1861

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45
Q

T or F - Piemonte was the first region in Italy to highlight the importance of single vineyard wines?

A

True

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46
Q

What 4 grapes represent 70% of the plantings in Piemonte?

A
  1. Barbera
  2. Moscato Bianco
  3. Dolcetto
  4. Nebbiolo
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47
Q

How many DOC/G and IGTs are in Piemonte?

A

17 DOCGs - Largest in Italy
42 DOCs - Largest in Italy
No IGTs

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48
Q

T or F - Piemonte has Italy’s lowest average yields.

A

True

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49
Q

What are the key details of the Dolcetto (R) grape?

A
  • Was once Piemonte’s most planted grape
  • Name translates to “little sweet one”
  • Most plantings are in Langhe and southern Monferrato
  • Ripens earlier than Barbera (R) and Nebbiolo (R)
  • Can be grown in higher and cooler sites
  • Deep in color, with grapey and black fruit aromas
  • Noticeable tannins contribute to a pleasantly bitter finish
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50
Q

What happened to viticulture during the middle ages?

A
  1. It flourished due to the monks
  2. Wine regulation began
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51
Q

Who were the first people to cultivate grapevines in Piemonte?

A

The Taurini & Salassi tribes

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52
Q

What is the capital city of Piemonte?

A

Torino

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53
Q

What forms the borders of Piemonte?

A

The Alps to the north
France and Valle d’Aosta to the west
Ligurian Apennines and maritime Alps to the south
Lombardia and a small part or Emilia Romagna to the east

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54
Q

What does the name Piemonte mean?

A

“At the foot of the mountain”
It is surrounded by mountains on 3 sides

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55
Q

What are the key details on the Nebbiolo (R) grape?

A
  1. Considered Italy’s most noble grape and one of the oldest
  2. Nebbia comes for the word “Fog”
  3. Early budding and very late ripening
  4. Considered a challenge to grow, it struggle to ripen and is very fussy about soild
  5. Highly site sensitive
  6. High acid, tannin, alcohol & extract
  7. Several clones with Lampia considered the principle clone
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56
Q

What are the key details of the Timorasso (W) grape?

A
  1. Ancient High quality grape from the hills of Tortona
  2. Considered to be the most distinctive white grape in Piemonte
  3. It almost disappeared in the 1980’s but saved by Walter Massa
  4. Wines are high in acid, minerality with great floral & citrus notes
  5. Ages well, best after a few years in bottle
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57
Q

What are the key details of the Erbaluce (W) grape?

A
  1. Native around Caluso in the Canavese District
  2. Its thick skin and very high acid make it excellent for Passitos
  3. It makes dry wines with floral notes with aromas of citrus & apple
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58
Q

What are the key details of the Arneis (W) grape?

A
  1. Native to the Roero Hills
  2. Almost extinct in the 1960’s, saved by Vietti & Bruno Giacosa
  3. The name means difficult personality referring to its difficult nature
  4. Prone to poor or irregular yields
  5. Drops acid rapidly when approaching full ripeness
  6. It produces full-bodied wines subtly perfumed and complex
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59
Q

After red wine production in Piemonte what makes up the majority of the rest?

A

Sparkling wines made with Moscato Bianco

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60
Q

T or F - The great majority of wine produced in Piemonte are single varieties?

A

True

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61
Q

What % of Piemonte’s total production is either DOC or DOCG?

A

90%

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62
Q

What 2 cities are the most important epicenters of wine production?

A

Asti & Alba

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63
Q

What are the 4 sub-regions of Piemonte?

A
  1. Northern Piemonte
  2. Western Piemonte & Torino Hills
  3. Alba
  4. Monferrato
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64
Q

Which sub-region includes the northernmost appellations in the provinces of Novara, Vercelli and Biella?

A

Northern Piemonte

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65
Q

What sub-region surrounds the city of Alba and includes the Hills of Langhe and Roero?

A

Alba

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66
Q

What sub-region is considered the traditional home of Nebbiolo (R)?

A

Alba

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67
Q

What is the smallest and least productive sub-region?

A

The Western Piemonte and Torino Hills

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68
Q

What sub-region has the provinces of Asti and Alessandria and it the traditional home of Barbera (R) and sparkling Moscato Bianco (W)?

A

Monferrato

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68
Q

What is the largest sub-region in Piemonte?

A

Monferrato

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69
Q

What is Northern Piemonte also known as?

A

Alto Piemonte or upper Piedmont

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70
Q

What is Nebbiolo also called?

A

Spana

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71
Q

What are the 2 wine districts located in Northern Piemonte?

A
  1. Novara and Vercelli Hills
  2. Canavese
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72
Q

What 2 lakes moderate the climate in the Vercelli & Novara provinces?

A
  1. Lake Maggiore
  2. Lake Orta
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73
Q

What river separates the Vercelli and Novara provinces?

A

The Sesia River

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74
Q

What is the Gavi DOCG climate?

A

Moderate continental with cold winters and warm summers

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75
Q

Monferrato is home to which Piemonte traditional grapes?

A
  1. Barbera
  2. Grignolino
  3. Cortese
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76
Q

What flavor profiles of Dolcetto (R) do all 3 of Langhe’s Dolcetto appellations share

A
  1. Ripe black fruit
  2. Licorice
  3. Moderate acidity
  4. Mouth filling body
  5. Smooth texture
  6. Bitter sweet finish
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77
Q

What is Dolcetto d ‘Alba known for within the 3 Dolcetto appellations?

A

It is the best known appellation
It produces the most wine

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78
Q

How much Dolcetto is in Dogliani?

A

100%

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79
Q

Which Langhe Dolcetto appellation considers itself the capital of Dolcetto?

A

Dogliani

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80
Q

Which of the 3 Dolcetto appellations is the most prestigious, complex, concentrated and age-worthy?

A

Dogliani

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81
Q

How much Dolcetto (R) is in Dolcetto d ‘Diano d ‘Alba DOCG wine?

A

100%

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82
Q

What are the key attributes of the Cortese (W) Grape?

A
  1. It has restrained and subtle character
  2. Very productive requiring restrictive yields to balance high acidity with body & fruit to avoid being neutral and lean
    Performs very well around Gavi
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83
Q

What are the key attributes of the Moscato Bianco (W) grape?

A
  1. AKA Muscat a’ Petite Grains
  2. Most widely planted white grape
  3. Predominently used for Asti Spumante or Moscato d ‘Asti
  4. Pronounced floral & fruity aromas with honey, musk & spicy notes
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84
Q

What are the key details of the Brachetto (R) grape?

A
  1. Aromatic red of uncertain origin
  2. Described as the red equivalent of Moscato Bianco
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85
Q

What are the key details of the Barbera (R) grape?

A
  1. The hills of Monferrato is considered its native home
  2. Key attributes are productivity and versatility
  3. Late ripening
  4. It retains its acidity when fully ripe
    Hallmarks are high acidity, deep color, bright red cherry fruit and low tannin
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86
Q

What is the major river in Piemonte?

A

The Po River

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87
Q

What is the general climate of Piemonte?

A

Continental with some macro and meso climate variations

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88
Q

What is the temperature like in Piemonte?

A

Average annual temperature is 53 degrees, warmer in the south
Wide diurnal and seasonal swings in the hills

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89
Q

Most of Piemonte’s vineyards are located on?

A

The central band of hills

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90
Q

What are the key details on the Grignolino (R) grape?

A
  1. Native to Monferrato
  2. Monferrato is its lone stronghold
    Berries contain a high number of pips, which explains its name - Grignole means pips
  3. Light bodied, moderate in alcohol and high in tannin & acid
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91
Q

What grape is the most planted white grape and 2nd overall in Piemonte?

A

Moscato Bianco (W)

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92
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Piemonte?

A

Barbera

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93
Q

Describe the rainfall in Piemonte.

A

Limited do to the rain shadow effect of the Alps and Apennines

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94
Q

What % do red grapes account for in area under vine?

A

2/3

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95
Q

What is Piemonte’s most planted grape variety?

A

Barbera

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96
Q

What are the key details of the Ruche (R) grape?

A
  1. Rare aromatic grape from Castagnole in Asti
  2. Grape is Exclusive to this area
  3. Wines are intensely perfumed with distinctive aromas of rose, red fruit & spice
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97
Q

The principle crop of Piemonte’s plain is?

A

Rice

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98
Q

What are the key details of the Freisa (R) grape?

A
  1. One of Piemonte’s oldest grapes
  2. Declined in popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries
  3. Plantings are near Asti and Torino
  4. Light colored wines high in acid and tannin
  5. Distinctive aromas of wild strawberries and raspberry
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99
Q

What grape name is derived from an Italian word for “Pips”?

A

Grignolino (R)

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100
Q

What grape name is derived from the Italian for Fog?

A

Nebbiolo

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101
Q

How many MGA’s in Barolo DOCG?

A

181

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102
Q

Define “Sori”

A

A sunny well exposed site

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103
Q

What village is closely associated with the Nascetta (W) Grape?

A

Novello

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104
Q

The firs MGA’s created in Piemonte were in which DOCG?

A

Diano d ‘Alba DOCG

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105
Q

How many MGA’s are in the Barbaresco DOCG?

A

66

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106
Q

The Nizza DOCG is based on what grape variety?

A

Barbera (R)

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107
Q

In Northern Piemonte, which river separates the Vercelli Hills from the Novara hills?

A

The Sesia River

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108
Q

What is the principle white grape of Caluso?

A

Erbaluce (W)

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109
Q

Who produced the first commercial vermouth in 1786?

A

Carpano

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110
Q

Define “Barolo Chinato”

A

Aromatized, fortified wine produced using Barolo wine

111
Q

The town of Castagnole is associated with what aromatic red grape variety?

A

Ruche

112
Q

Which grape’s name translates to “Little Sweet one”?

A

Dolcetto

113
Q

What river separates the Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs?

A

Sesia

114
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Piemonte?

A

Barbera

115
Q

What is the principle clone of Nebbiolo (R)?

A

Lampia

116
Q

What is the minimum % of Nebbiolo (R) in Roero DOCG?

A

95%

117
Q

What is the % or Cortese (W) in the Gavi DOCG?

A

100%

118
Q

What is the minimum % of Nebbiolo (R) in the Ghemme DOCG?

A

85%

119
Q

How much Barbera (R) is in the Barbera d ‘Alba DOC?

A

Minimum 85% with up to 15% Nebbiolo in reality, most are 100% Barbera

120
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbera d ‘Alba Superiore?

A

12 month with 4 in oak

121
Q

What are the rocky cliffs that run through the Roero Hills separating the alluvial soils and sandier soils called?

A

Rocche or Le Rocche

122
Q

What are the aging requirements of the Roero DOCG?

A

20 months with 6 in oak
Riserva 32 months with 6 in oak

123
Q

What is an MGA?

A
  1. Geographical designation
  2. Similar to a French Cru
124
Q

What is the age and soil of the Roero Hills?

A

5 million years old
Soft, sandy soils

125
Q

What is the age and the soil of the Langhe Hills?

A

15 million years old
Compact calcareous soils

126
Q

Which has longer aging requirements Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

Barolo

127
Q

Which has a larger area under vine Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

Barolo

128
Q

What are the soils of Gavi composed of?

A

They are Terre Bianche and Terre Rosse

129
Q

Which has a warmer climatic condition Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco

130
Q

Which has homogenous vineyard sites Barolo or Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco

131
Q

How much Nebbiolo (R) is in Roero DOCG?

A

95%

132
Q

What are the 3 main sub-regions of Monferrato?

A
  1. Basso Monferrato
  2. Monferrato Astigiano
  3. Alto Monferrato
133
Q

What are Tortonian soils?

A

Soils of compact calcareous marls

134
Q

What are Helvetian/Serravallian soils?

A

Soils of sandstone and sand

135
Q

What are Bricco and Sori?

A

Superior hillside vineyard sites

136
Q

How much Barbera (R) grape must be in Barbera d ‘Asti?

A

90%

137
Q

How long is the aging requirement for Barbera d ‘Asti?

A

4 months
Riserva’s - special grapes at harvest with 14 months aging and 6 in oak

138
Q

What grape takes priority in Monferrato?

A

Barbera (R)

139
Q

What % of Barbera must be in the Nizza historic area?

A

100%

140
Q

What is the aging requirement for Nizza DOCG?

A

18 months with 6 in oak
Riserva 30 months with 12 in oak

141
Q

What grape is the Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG based on?

A

The local Ruche (R) grape, rarely found elsewhere

142
Q

The Brachetto d ‘Acqui DOCG wine is made from what % of the Brachetto (R) grape?

A

97%

143
Q

Which represents a greater majority of wine production Asti DOCG or Moscato d ‘Asti DCG

A

Asti DOCG

143
Q

What is the largest DOCG in Piemonte?

A

Asti and Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG

143
Q

What 3 provinces does the Asti and Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG cover?

A

Asti, Cuneo, and Alessandria
Asti and Cuneo account for 80% of the production

144
Q

What soils are Asti and Moscato d ‘Asti DOCGs planted on?

A

Terre Bianche

145
Q

What grape is used in the production of Asti and Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG wine?

A

Moscato Bianco (W)

146
Q

How are the vineyards planted for the Asti and Moscato d ‘Asti DOCGs?

A

Must be planted on hillsides
Trained via the Guyot method
Hand Picked

147
Q

T or F - Vintage year is required on a bottle of Asti DOCG?

A

False

148
Q

What is the Asti Method of wine production?

A

Wines are made by a single fermentation
It is stopped and restarted at specific points
It is actually better for aromatic wines

149
Q

What type of cork does Moscato d ‘Asti wine use?

A

A normal cork

150
Q

T or F - Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG must be vintage dated on the bottle?

A

True

151
Q

What type of cork does Asti DOCG use?

A

Mushroom Shaped

152
Q

What is Terre Bianche in Monferrato?

A

“White Lands”
Sand, sandstone and whitish calcareous marls
(High in marine fossils & calcium carbonate)

153
Q

What is Sabbie Astiane?

A

“Asti sand”
High sand content causing poor water retention

154
Q

What is “Terre Rosse”?

A

“Red Lands”
Soils with high clay, iron and magnesium content

155
Q

What is Piemonte’s largest red appellation?

A

Barbera d ‘Asti 2nd overall to Asti DOCG

156
Q

What is volumetrically the 3rd largest Barbera producer in Piemonte?

A

The combined Barbera del Monferrato Superior DOCG and Barbera del Monferrato DOC

157
Q

What is the aging requirements of Barbera del Monferrato DOC and DOCG?

A

DOC - None
DOCG - 14 months with 6 in oak

158
Q

What is the most important appellation for the Cortese (W) grape?

A

The Gavi DOCG around the town of Gavi

159
Q

Where are the Gavi DOCG vineyards planted?

A

Only on hillsides

160
Q

What sub-region does the Gavi DOCG belong to?

A

Alto Monferrato

161
Q

Which sub-region does the Brachetto d ‘Acqui DOCG belong to?

A

Monferrato Astigiano

162
Q

Which sub-region does the Dogliani DOCG belong to?

A

Langhe Hills

163
Q

Which sub-region does the Gattinara DOCG belong to?

A

Vercelli Hills

164
Q

How many MSA’s does Dogliani DOCG have?

A

None

165
Q

What grape is Colli Tortonesi DOC known for growing?

A

Timorasso

166
Q

T or F - The Asti method employs a single fermentation

A

True

167
Q

What is Brachetto d ‘Acqui DOCG known for?

A

Sweet sparkling wine

168
Q

Which is a soil type not found in Monferrato Hills?
1. Sabbie Astigiano
2. Terre Rosse
3. Rocche
4. Terre Bianche

A

Rocche

169
Q

The principle grape varieties grown in Roero are?

A

Nebbiolo (R)
Arneis (W)

170
Q

Dolcetto (R) is most associated with which Piemonte Sub-region?

A

Langhe Hills

171
Q

Giulia Falleti is associated with which appellation?

A

Barolo DOCG

172
Q

Tortonian soils are composed of?

A

Compact calcareous marls

173
Q

Which area does not have Terre Bianche Soil?
1. The Langhe Hills
2. Novara and Vercelli Hills
3. Alto Monferrato
4. Monferrato Astigiano

A

Novara and Vercelli Hills

174
Q

The Sesia river flows through which winegrowing region?

A

Novara and Vercelli Hills

175
Q

Which Grape is not an Aromatic Variety?
1. Moscato Bianco (W)
2. Ruche (R)
3. Arneis (W)
4. Brachetto (R)

A

Arneis (W)

176
Q

Dolcetto (R) is prized by growers becasue?

A

Grows in cooler and higher sites.
Ripens earlier

177
Q

How much Dolcetto (R) is in Dolcetto di Ovada DOCG Superior?

A

100%

178
Q

How many MGA’s can appear on the label of Gavi?

A

18

179
Q

What % of Gavi DOCG wine is made up of Cortese (W) grapes?

A

100%

180
Q

Angelo Gaja is most associated with which Piemonte appellation?

A

Barbaresco

181
Q

Grignolino (R) get its name from what?

A

The high number of Pips
Grignole is Italian for Pips

182
Q

What is Nebbiolo called in Northern Piemonte?

A

Spana

183
Q

What river divides the Roero and Langhe Hills?

A

The Tanaro

184
Q

What is the minimum % of Dolcetto (R) in Diano d ‘Alba DOCG?

A

100%

185
Q

What is the ABV of Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

5 - 5.5%

186
Q

Does the Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG have small scale or large scale producers?

A

Small Scale

187
Q

What DOC traditionally adopts the Topia vine training system?

A

Carema

188
Q

Which clone of Nebbiolo is considered lesser quality and higher yielding?

A

Bolla

189
Q

Favorita (W), is genetically identical to which popular grape from Sardegna?

A

Vermentino?

190
Q

What is the grape Uva Rara (R) called in Northern Piemonte?

A

Bonarda (R)

191
Q

What is the minimum % of Dolcetto (R) in Diano d ‘Alba DOCG?

A

100%

192
Q

The Boca DOC is in which winegrowing region of Peimonte?

A

Northern Piemonte

193
Q

What is the largest subzone of Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG?

A

Canelli

194
Q

What is the minimum aging for Alta Langhe DOCG?

A

30 months

195
Q

Who created Asti Spumante?

A

Carlo Gancia

196
Q

What is the maximum pressure of Moscato d ‘Asti DOCG?

A

2.5 atm

197
Q

Why is Erbaluce (W) suitable for Passito wine?

A

Thick skin and high acidity

198
Q

What is the Nebbiolo (R) based DOC in Piemonte that borders the Valle D’Aosta?

A

Carema DOC

199
Q

Define “Bricco”

A

A Superiore site on the higher part of the hill

200
Q

Dogliani DOCG is based on what grape?

A

Dolcetto (R)

201
Q

Why would Freisa (R) wines traditionally be finished with some RS?

A

To offset its bitterness

202
Q

What is the production method for Alta Langhe DOCG?

A

Traditional method sparkling wine

203
Q

Cannubi is a cru in what DOCG?

A

Barolo DOCG

204
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Piemonte?

A

Moscato Bianco (W)

205
Q

How many communes can make Barolo DOCG?

A

11

206
Q

Approximately when did Barolo transition into a dry wine?

A

Mid 19th century

207
Q

What are the two geologic formation in Barolo DOCG?

A

Tortonian
Helvetian/Serravallian

208
Q

What are the names of the 3 Barbaresco villages?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, and Treiso

209
Q

Barbaresco is on which bank of the Tanaro River?

A

Right Bank

210
Q

Timorasso (W) is grown mostly around what area of Piemonte?

A

The hills of Tortona

211
Q

Describe the Lessona DOC in the Novara and Vercelli Hills area

A
  1. Historic reputation for Nebbiolo
  2. Soil: mineral rich acidic sands and porphyry over marine deposits
  3. Min 85% Nebbiolo (R) can add Vespaiola (R) and Uva Rara (R)
212
Q

Describe the Bramaterra DOC in the Novara and Vercelli Hills Area

A
  1. Soils: Marine sands & Volcanic
  2. Min 50 max 80% Nebbiolo (R)
  3. 100% Nebbiolo (R) is not allowed
  4. Can add max 30% Croatina (R)
  5. Light in appearance
213
Q

Describe the Boca DOC in the Novara & Vercelli Hills?

A
  1. Northern most appellation
  2. Most prestigious on eastern bank after Ghemme
  3. Soil: volcanic rock
  4. Min 70% max 90% Nebbiolo (R) can add Vespolina (R) & Uva Rara (R))
  5. 100% Nebbiolo is not allowed
  6. Most structured & longest lived of eastern bank DOCs
214
Q

What are the known DOC/G’s of the Canavese area?

A

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG
Carema DOC

215
Q

Describe the Canavese area of Piemonte

A
  1. Historically known for sweet wine and Nebbiolo (R)
  2. It is in the Ivrea glacial moraine
  3. Dora Baltea river flows through it
  4. At the foothills of the Alps with cool air and wide diurnal swings
216
Q

Describe the Carema DOC in the Canavese Area

A
  1. Tiny, historic Nebbiolo based appellation
  2. Alpine landscape, terraced vineyards & pergola (Topia)
  3. Wines: finesse, minerality, high acidity, light bodies
217
Q

Historically the most renowned Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG wines were?

A

Passitos

218
Q

Describe the Erbaluce (W) grape

A
  1. Native to Caluso
  2. Well suited to the acidic, sandy gravel soils of Canavese
  3. Thick skin, high acidity
  4. Floral, citrus & green apple, mineral driven
219
Q

Describe the Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A

100% Erbaluce (W)
Use Pergola
Dry, Passito (red), sparkling
Passito aging min 2 years 4 years for Riserva
Increasing dry wines

220
Q

Which river separates the hills of Roero from the hills of Langhe?

A

The Tanaro River

221
Q

Which white grape is native to the hills of Roero?

A

Arneis (W)

222
Q

What are some details on Arneis (W) in the hills of Roero?

A
  1. Almost extinct in the 1960s
  2. Roero’s most widely planted grape
  3. AKA “Nebbiolo Bianco”
  4. Difficult to grow
223
Q

How would you compare Roero Nebbiolo to Barolo or Barbaresco?

A
  1. Lighter
  2. Softer
  3. Less tannic
  4. Earlier approachable
  5. More finesse
224
Q

What are the 3 Dolcetto based appellations of Langhe?

A
  1. Dogliani DOCG
  2. Dolcetto di Diano d ‘Alba DOCG
  3. Dolcetto d ‘Alba DOC
225
Q

Why is the grape Dolcetto (R) favored by growers?

A
  1. Earlier ripening
  2. Ripens in cooler and higher sites
  3. Wine released sooner
226
Q

Which Dolcetto based appellation of Langhe recognizes 76 cru sites or Sori?

A

Dolcetto di Diano d ‘Alba DOCG

227
Q

Which DOC of Piemonte
- includes the hills of Langhe & Roero
- has more flexible production rules than most DOC/Gs
- is allowed to use traditional and international grapes

A

Langhe DOC

228
Q

Langhe is often compared to what French wine region?

A

Bourgogne (Burgundy)

229
Q

Describe Nebbiolo (R) in Langhe

A
  • Classic home of Nebbiolo (R)
  • Early budding, late ripening, challanging to grow
  • Takes the best sites in Langhe
230
Q

What are the 4 Nebbiolo biotypes?

A
  1. Lampia - Principle, high quality, very reliable, most widely planted
  2. Bolla - High yielding, lesser quality
  3. Rose’ - related and similar but distinct variety
  4. Michet - A virused form of Lampia
231
Q

Define “Clone”

A
  • A vine that is intentionally derived and selected by propagation from cuttings from a single vine (clonal Selection)
  • This is done to obtain vines with characteristics identical to those of the mother vine
232
Q

Define “Biotype”

A
  • A vine that, although genetically identical to another one, shows a certain level of diversity that is a result of centuries of adaptation
233
Q

Who were the 2 most prominent figures in the early history of Barolo?

A

Giulia Falleti, Marquise of Barolo
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

234
Q

When was the first Barolo/Barbaresco appellation?

A

1968

235
Q

What are the 5 NTK communes of Barolo?

A
  1. La Morra
  2. Castiglione Falleto
  3. Barolo
  4. Serralunga d ‘Alba
  5. Monforte d ‘Alba
236
Q

What kind of wine is produced on Tortonian Soils?

A

Softer, perfumed and elegant

237
Q

What are the wine on Serravallian soil like?

A

Powerful
Fuller Bodied
Structured

238
Q

Historically, Barolo was made from a single vineyard or a blend of vineyards?

A

A blend of vineyards

239
Q

Who was the most prominent figure in the early history of Barabresco?

A

Domizio Cavazza

240
Q

Who is credited with transforming Barbaresco into a world class wine?

A

Angelo Gaja

241
Q

How many MGA’s in Barbaresco?

A

66

242
Q

What is the aging requirement of Barolo?

A

Min 38 months with 18 in oak
Riserva - min 62 months with 18 in oak

243
Q

What is the aging requirements of Barbarsco?

A

Min 26 months with 9 in oak
Riserva - Min 50 months with 9 in oak

244
Q

What is the Alta Langhe DOCG?

A

High quality traditional method sparkling wine
Made with Pinto Nero (R) & Chardonnay (W)

245
Q

What are the 5 main hills of Piemonte?

A
  1. Novara & Vercelli hills
  2. Monferrato Hills
  3. Roero Hills
  4. Langhe Hills
  5. Tortona Hills
246
Q

What % of Piemonte wine is grown in the northernmost winegrowing area of Alto Piemonte?

A

5%

247
Q

What are the 2 main grape varieties of Northern Piemonte?

A

Nebbiolo (R)
Erbaluce (W)

248
Q

What is Nebbiolo (R) traditionally called in Northern Piemonte?

A

Spanna

249
Q

Which grapes are an authorized blending partner with Nebbiolo (R) in Gattinara and Ghemme?

A

Vespolina (R)
Uva Rara (R)

250
Q

What are the 5 NTK DOC/Gs of the Novara & Vercelli Hills?

A
  1. Gattinara DOCG
  2. Ghemme DOCG
  3. Boca DOC
  4. Bramaterra DOC
  5. Lessona DOC
251
Q

What river separates the Novara & Vercelli Hills?

A

The Sesia River

252
Q

What are the soils of Novara & Vercelli Hills made of?

A
  • A mix of glacial, marine and volcanic soils
  • Acidic
  • Volcanic subsoil (Porphyry, Granite)
253
Q

What is the climate of Novara & Vercelli Hills?

A

Cool air from Alps
High Diurnal swings
Vintage variations for Nebbiolo (R)

254
Q

Where does Piemonte rank in terms of regional size?

A

2nd largest in Italy

255
Q

Describe the Gattinara DOCG?

A
  • Small Appellation
  • Best and longest lived expression of Nebbiolo (R)
  • Optimal mix of exposure, altitude and soil
  • Long aging
    Min 35 months with 24 in oak
    Riserva 47 months with 36 in oak
  • Single vineyard bottlings common
    Min 90% Nebbiolo (R)
256
Q

Describe the Ghemme DOCG?

A
  • Smaller than Gattinara DOCG
  • Requires 85% Nebbiolo
  • Min 34 months aging with 18 in wood
    Riserva 46 months with 24 in wood
  • Wines similar to Gattinara
257
Q

Gavi wines can be?

A

Still, Frizzante and sparkling

258
Q

Historically, what color grape dominated the vineyards of Gavi?

A

Red Grapes

259
Q

How much Cortese (W) is in Gavi DOCG wines

A

100%

260
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in the Colli Tortonesi DOC?

A

Timorasso (W)

261
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in the Caluso DOCG?

A

Erbaluce (W)

262
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in the Nizza DOCG?

A

Barbera (R)

263
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in the Carema DOC?

A

Nebbiolo (R)

264
Q

What are the principle red and white grape varieties of the Roero DOCG?

A

Nebbiolo (R)
Arneis (W)

265
Q

Who had MGA’s first Barbaresco or Barolo?

A

Barbaresco

266
Q

T or F - Moscato d ‘Asti and Asti Spumante share the same DOCG?

A

True

267
Q

Monferrato is located in?

A

A hilly area in SE Piemonte

268
Q

The word “Piemonte” means?

A

At the foot of the mountains

269
Q

T or F - Piemonte was Italy’s 1st region to highlight the importance of single vineyard wines?

A

True

270
Q

Are any of Piemonte’s vineyards planted on flat plains?

A

None

271
Q

Which river originates in Piemonte’s western Alps?

A

The Po RIver

272
Q

What color grape are Ruche, Freisa, and Dolcetto?

A

All red

273
Q

What color are Erbaluce and Timorasso grapes?

A

All White

274
Q

What was Piemonte’s most prestigious wine in the 16th century?

A

Gattinara

275
Q

What are the NTK grapes of Piemonte?

A

Barbera (R)
Dolcetto (R)
Nebbiolo (R)
Freisa (R)
Grignolino (R)
Brachetto (R)
Ruche’
Moscato Bianco (W)
Cortese (W)
Arneis (W)
Erbaluce (W)
Timorasso (W)

Italian Wine Scholar North (10 decks)

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