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RUSVM PID continued > PID parasit > Flashcards

PID parasit Flashcards

1
Q

Dz of a parasite is dependent on?

A
  • Location in host
    • # ’s (dose) for infestations
    • Host response
      ○ Immune system
      ○ Age of host
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2
Q

the mouth of a flea has a? and is used for?

A

provoskis

sucking blood

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3
Q

what is the most common dermatitis?

A

FAD

flea allergy dermititis

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4
Q

what are There are 3 main classes of
parasites that can cause
disease in humans

A

helminths
ectoparasites
protozoa.

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5
Q

Toxocara canis can cause __________ in humans.

A

Visceral Larval Migrans

or Ocular Larval Migrans

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6
Q

Ancylostoma braziliense can cause __________ in humans.

A

Cutaneous larval migrans

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7
Q

Taenia solium can cause __________ in humans when they serve as an accidental host.

A

Cysts in brain (neurocysticercosis)
cause epilepsy, blindness, madness
and death

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8
Q

Diagnostic methods for parasitology

A
  • Host Species
  • Site of Infection
  • Size of parasite
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9
Q

broad Tx and prevention of parasites

A 
Parasiticides
• Sustainable management of the
host
• Management of the environment
• Life cycle is used to determine
treatment and prevention
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10
Q

the class of Nematoda refers to

A

Round worms

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11
Q

the class cestoda refers to

A

tapeworms (segmented worms)

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12
Q

the class trematoda refers to

A

Flukes

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13
Q

the phylum Anthropada refers to what classes

A

Insecta

Arachnida

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14
Q

Subkingdom Protozoa refers to what phylums

A

Phylum Mastigophora

Phylum Apicomplexa

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15
Q

the Phylum Nemathelminthes refers to the class of?

A

• Class Nematoda (Roundworms)

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16
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes refers to the classes of? and they are?

A

the Flatworms

  • Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)
  • Class Trematoda (Flukes)
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17
Q

Nematodes characteristics

A 
round worms
- Free-living or
parasitic
• Elongate/cylindrical
• Alimentary canal
present
• Sexes usually
separate
• Life cycle direct or
indirect
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18
Q

Cestode characteristics

A 
segmented worms
• Flat body and no alimentary canal
• Scolex (holdfast organ)
• Strobila (body) with proglottids
• Each proglottid- hermaphroditic
• Indirect life cycle
• Types of characteristic larval stages
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19
Q

Trematodes charicteristics

A 
flukes
• Dorso-ventrally flattened
• Leaf-like
• Oral and ventral suckers
• Indirect life cycle- molluscan IH
• Usually genitally independent
20
Q

Arthropods ID characteristics and examples are

A 
Insects • Adults: 3 pairs of legs (6 legs)
• Head, thorax, abdomen
• Antenna
• Flies (Diptera)
• Fleas (Siphonaptera)
• Lice (Phthiraptera)
• Hemiptera
21
Q

Arachnids – Acari - ID characteristics are

A 
• Nymphs and adults:
 4 pairs of legs (8 legs)
• Larvae: 3 pairs of legs
• Body: cephalo-thorax and abdomen
• No antennae, but palps
• Ticks
• Mites
22
Q

Protozoa ID characteristics are

how are they classified and what are the examples?

A 
Classified based on their mode of
locomotion
• Locomotion is accomplished by:
Pseudopodia
Flagella
Gliding movements
Cilia
23
Q

the host that harbors adult (sexual) stage of

the parasite is.

A

Definitive host —

24
Q

a host that harbors larval (asexual) stage(s) of the parasite while the parasite matures is

A

Intermediate host

25
Q

a Paratenic host is?

A

a host that harbors parasite but it does not

undergo further development in this host; aka a transfer host

26
Q

an animal (definitive) host that serves to maintain the parasite’s life cycle in the environment

A

Reservoir -

27
Q

an Incidental host is?

A
  • an unusual host, unnecessary for the maintenance of the parasite in nature
28
Q

Host specificity
Parasites (particularly helminths) have
specificity for particular definitive and
Often parasite life cycles
intermediate hosts.
can only be completed in a particular host,
Disease manifestations may be different
depend upon whether an animal serves as a __________, __________ or an ____________host.

A

definitive, intermediate, or an incidental

29
Q

Veterinary Parasitology has
Three groups of eukaryotic organisms that
afflict health and wellbeing of animals. they are?

A

— Protozoa (Protozoology): Single celled, nucleated
— Helminths (Helminthology): )
— Arthropods (Entomology): arachnids and insects;
ectoparasites

30
Q

the phylum of helminthes can be further broken down into 3 groups of _______. each different from the other. explain.

A 
Worm-like animals 
showing differentiation, metazoans 
Nematode — roundworm 
Cestode — tapeworm (segmented flatworms) 
Trematode — fluke (flatworms
31
Q 
Ectoparasite 
—Lives \_\_\_\_ the host and Causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Endoparasite 
—Lives \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the host 
—Causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

on; infestations

in; infections

32
Q

Common routes of parasite entry are?

A 
o Ingestion: 
o Skin or mucosal penetration: 
o Transplacental (prenatal) 
o Arthropod bite (vector): 
o Sexual contact
33
Q

Virulence is dependent upon

A

Infective dose and exposure volume

34
Q

pathogenesis is dependent upon

A 
Penetration of anatomic barriers 
Attachment 
Cell and tissue damage 
Loss of nutrients 
Disruption, evasion, and inactivation 
of host defenses
35
Q

true or false
Protozoa Multiply in hosts and
Helminths adult worms do not multiply in the definitive host.
Worms die over time, unless the host is re-exposed
The severity of disease is proportional to worm
load introduced into the host.

A

true for both

36
Q

attachment of a parasite to a host can be done mechanically, molecularly or both?

A

both

37
Q

some mechanical attachments or biting mouth parts of parasites to or into the host are the use of? name 5

A 
Attachment 
mouthparts 
Oral cavity (capsule) 
Attachment organs 
Suction disk 
Biting mouthparts 
Direct penetration
38
Q

damage to cells and tissues of the host can be done by?

A

mechanical damage
toxic products
immune pathogenic reaction

39
Q

Mechanical tissue damage is done by a parasite to the host via.

A

Blockage of internal organs:
Pressure atrophy:
Migration through tissues:

40
Q

Toxic Parasite Products that produce tissue damage can be categorized into 5 categories. what are they?

A 
Destructive enzymes: 
Amoebic pore:
Endotoxins: 
Catabolites: 
Toxic secretions:
41
Q

Immune pathogenic reactions

that produce tissue damage can be categorized into 4 categories. what are they?

A
  • Anaphylactic: Antigen + lgE, histamine
  • Cytotoxic: Antigen on host cells, complement or
    ADCC
  • Immune complex: Antibody complexes with extracelluar antigen
    -C ell mediated: Sensitized T cells kill or release cytokines
42
Q

a parasite ca cause a Loss of nutrients for the host can happen because of?

A
  • Competition with hosts for nutrients
  • Interference with nutrient absorption
  • Nutrient loss
43
Q

what is Natural or innate immunity?

A

A defense mechanism that does not depend upon prior exposure to the invader. this is achieved via
- Cytokines and cytokine receptors
• Antimicrobial molecules and pattern recognition
receptors
- Cellular defense, phagocytosis

44
Q

Acquired immunity is?

A

conferred by a host’s
specific immunity response developed as a
result of a previous parasitic infection.

45
Q

what is Premunition immunity?

A

resistance to reinfection
dependent on retention of the infectious
agent - malaria, toxoplasmosis

46
Q

Concomitant immunity is?

A

immunity from 1 stage of a parasite but susceptible to other stages
- the survival of some cells or organisms with the immune
destruction of other cells or organisms of the same line-schistosomiasis

RUSVM PID continued (5 decks)

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