Dz transmission/zoonosis/herd health

Question 1

disease transmission is determined by what 3 major factors?

Answer 1

Agent
environment
host

Question 2

what is the difference between an infection vs infestation

Answer 2

infestations don’t multiply in hosts

Question 3

what is the difference between a latent period vs incubation period

Answer 3

latent is not yet infectious

incubation the host is not yet showing symptoms

Question 4

what is the difference between a mechanical vs biological vectors

Answer 4

biological vectors undergo a change or multiplication

Question 5

what are the requirements needed for an animal, soil or water to be a reservoir?

Answer 5

1. naturally infected
2. maintained over time
3. transmission to a new host/susceptible host

Question 6

what are the 2 types of vertical transmission?

Answer 6

1. transplacental/transovarial

2. perinatal

Question 7

horizontal transmission can be broken into direct and indirect transmission. what do each of the 2 break down into

Answer 7

indirect
- vehicle: common vehicle(shared feed & H2O containers) and fomite(cutting board)
- vector (living organism): biological and mechanical
direct
- projection/air born
- contact

Question 8

Emerging dz’s are
Previously ______ disease or a
Known disease in a ______________.

Answer 8

unknown

new population

Question 9

Re-emergingdz’s are increasing activity of _______ disease that was once declining

Answer 9

known

Question 10

name the 5 stages for cross species Dz transmission.

Answer 10

1. Pathogen is exclusive to A
2. Reservoir transmits to new host(B) but no transmission among new host(B’s)
3. Transmits to B host with few cycles of transmission among new hosts(B’s)
4. Transmits to new host with “sustained” transmission among new host
5. Pathogen now exclusive to host B

Question 11

6 determinates of pathogen emergence includes what?

Answer 11

1. means of entry(transboundary dz and animal trade)
2. host susceptibility factors
3. pathogen type(mutation/change)
4. reservoir (physiologic difference)
5. means of escape( sneeze, cough, urine, feces)
6. mode of transmission(reservoir size, pathogen prevalence, contact frequency)

Question 12

pathogens that cause chronic infections with minimal symptoms is referred to as a?

Answer 12

balanced pathogenicity

Question 13

True or False

All sick animals are reservoirs?

Answer 13

False

Question 14

which one is NOT a portal of entry for trans boundry dz’s

A. Vectors
B. People
C. Fomites
D. Animals/animal products
E. All are portals of entry

Answer 14

E

Question 15

T or F

an animal can be infectious before symptomatic.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

HHM is based mainly on…
A. prevention
B;

Answer 16

A