Pictures for Digestive System and Metabolism.

Question 1

Mesentery

Answer 1

double sheets of membrane from which organs are suspended; provides route for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Question 2

Oral Cavity

Answer 2

mouth

Question 3

Sublingual gland

Answer 3

• lie under mucous membrane in floor of mouth
• acts as a buffer and lubricant
  ii. drained by numerous sublingual (Rivinus’) ducts, along lingual frenulum

Question 4

Pharynx

Answer 4

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine.

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 7

Transverse Colon

Answer 7

the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

Question 8

Descending Colon

Answer 8

The descending colon is the part of the large intestine from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon. The function of the descending colon in the digestive system is to store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum.

Question 9

Sigmoid Colon

Answer 9

The sigmoid colon (pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus.

Question 10

Rectum

Answer 10

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Question 11

Anal Canal

Answer 11

the terminal part of the large intestine. It is situated between the rectum and anus, below the level of the pelvic diaphragm.

Question 12

Anus

Answer 12

the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body.

Question 13

Appendix

Answer 13

a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine

Question 14

Cecum

Answer 14

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.

Question 15

Ileum

Answer 15

distal 3.5 m; supported by mesentery proper; ends at iliocecal valve (a sphincter)

Question 16

Ascending Colon

Answer 16

the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.

Question 17

Jejunum

Answer 17

central 2.5 m; supp. by mesentery proper; site of most digestion/absorption

Question 18

Gallbladder

Answer 18

the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.

Question 19

Duodenum

Answer 19

proximal 25 cm; retroperitoneal; receives output of stomach/pancreas/liver

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes.

Question 21

Esophagus

Answer 21

the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.

Question 22

Fundus

Answer 22

pouch extending superiorly to contact diaphragm; contains gastric glands

Question 23

Greater Curvature

Answer 23

on lateral surface

Question 24

Cardia of stomach

Answer 24

superior, medial portion near jct. with esophagus; abundant mucous glands

Question 25

Pyloric Antrum

Answer 25

chamber continuous with body

Question 26

Pyloric canal

Answer 26

narrows and empties into duodenum of small intestine

Question 27

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 27

muscular ring; regulates release of chime into the duodenum

Question 28

Pylorus

Answer 28

the lower curving portion; pyloric glands secrete mucus, digestive hormones

Question 29

Submucosal Plexus

Answer 29

The submucous plexus (Meissner’s plexus, plexus of the submucosa, plexus submucosus) lies in the submucosa of the intestinal wall. The nerves of this plexus are derived from the myenteric plexus which itself is derived from the plexuses of parasympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery