Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOI2 > PHYSIOLOGY REPRODUCTIVE > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY REPRODUCTIVE Flashcards

1
Q

Where does spermatozoid production take place?

A

Testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the duct system (male)?

A

Guide gametes to urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of accessory glands?

A

Provide an adequate “vehicle” for spermatozoid action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the testicular parenchyma composed of?

A

Seminal ducts

Interstitial cells of Leydig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 types of cells found in seminal ducts?

A

Germinal

Sertoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 2 functions of interstitial cells of Leydig?

A 
Testosterone production (in presence of LH)
Secondary sexual characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function unit of the seminal ducts?

A

Seminal vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secretes for proper functioning of gametes?

A

Fructose
Prostaglandins
Alkaline fluid
Clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicles + vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the most relevant accessory glands of the male reproductive system?S

A

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main testicular functions?

A 
Spermatozoid production
Steroid hormones (androgens) production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are Leydig cells located?

A

In interstitial part of testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In what part of the Leydig cells is cholesterol converted to pregnenolone?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what part of the Leydig cells is pregnenolone converted to testosterone?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what part of the Leydig cells are DHT and E2 secreted?

A

Periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules composed of (cellular)?

A

Sertoli cells

Germinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What anatomical structure do the sertoli cells form?

A

Blood-testis barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the blood-testis barrier?

A

Partition interstitial blood compartment (testis) from adluminal compartment (seminiferous tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the adrenal androgens (androgens produced in adrenal cortex)?

A

DHEA

Androstenedione

20
Q

Which hormone stimulates the production of pregnenolone in leydig cells?

A

LH

21
Q

What is the precursor of DHEA?

A

Pregnenolone

22
Q

What enzyme converts pregnenolone into DHEA?

A

17a-hydroxylase

23
Q

Under influence of which enzymes is DHEA converted into testosterone?

A

3B-HSD

17B-HSD

24
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone & where?

A

5a-reductase in target tissues

25
Q

What enzyme catalyses the formation of cholesterol esters?

A

Acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase

26
Q

What protein transfers cholesterol to inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

StAR

27
Q

How is testosterone transported?

A

Mostly weak bond to albumin
Some strong bond to SHBG
2% free

28
Q

What does bioavailable testosterone refer to?

A

Free & weakly bound (to albumin) testosterone

29
Q

What is the function of aromatase?

A

Facilitate conversion of:

  • testosterone to estradiol
  • androstenedione to estrone
30
Q

What are the sites of aromatase expression in males?

A

Reproductive tract
Bone
Adipose tissue

31
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

Overdelopment of breast tissue in men due to adipose tissue increase

32
Q

How is testosterone metabolised?

A

Via hepatic conjugation with glucuronic acid or sulfate

33
Q

What occurs when testosterone/DHT binds to its androgen receptor?

A

Dissociation of heat shock proteins bound to androgen receptor

34
Q

3 comparable characteristics of DHT with testosterone (in relation to its androgen receptor)

A

DHT:

  • greater binding affinity
  • greater stability
  • slower dissociation rate
35
Q

Effect of testosterone on libido

A

Men and women
Increased sexual drive
Decreased libido with age

36
Q

Effect of testosterone on bone formation (men vs women)

A

Increased bone thickness

Women: PERIPHERAL aromatisation to estrogen accounts for increased bone strength in men

37
Q

Effect of testosterone on erythropoiesis

A

Promotes red blood cell formation

38
Q

Effect of excess estrogens on males

A

Gynecomastia
Palmar erythema (redness)
Spider angiomas

39
Q

Effect of estrogen deficiency

A

Metabolic syndrome

40
Q

Effect of estrogens on bone loss

A

Decreased resorption of bone (prevents loss in bone density & osteoporosis)

41
Q

Vasoprotective function of estrogens

A

Decreased risk of atherogenesis

42
Q

What triggers the release of LH and FSH into circulation?

A

Pulsatile release of GnRH from hypothalamus

43
Q

What does testosterone exert negative feedback on?

A

Pituitary LH

Hypothalamic GnRH

44
Q

What stimulates the release of inhibin from sertoli cells?

A

FSH

45
Q

What does inhibin exert feedback on?

A

Anterior pituitary release of FSH

46
Q

What cell releases inhibin?

A

Sertoli cells

SOI2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions