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Adele Respiratory 1 > Physiology - Part 2 > Flashcards

Physiology - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how much oxygen dissolves in each litre of plasma?

A

3ml

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2
Q

how much oxygen does a litre of blood (with haemoglobin) carry?

A

200ml

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3
Q

what is PaO2 determined by?

A

O2 solubility and the partial pressure of O2

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4
Q

what is the O2 demand of resting tissues?

A

250ml/min

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5
Q

how many molecules of oxygen does haemoglobin bind?

A

4

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6
Q

how much oxygen binds to each gram of haemoglobin?

A

1.34ml

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7
Q

what form is the majority of haemoglobin in RBCs in?

A

HbA

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8
Q

what is the major determinant of the degree to which haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen?

A

partial pressure of oxygen

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9
Q

which two types of haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than normal?

A

foetal haemoglobin and myoglobin

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10
Q

what is anaemia?

A

anaemia is defined as any condition where the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is compromised

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11
Q

what happens to PaO2 in anaemia?

A

PaO2 is normal

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12
Q

is it possible for red blood cells to be fully saturated with O2 in anaemia?

A

yes - red blood cells would still be fully saturated with oxygen as PaO2 is normal

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13
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in increased pH?

A

left

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14
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in decreased pH?

A

right

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15
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in increased PCO2?

A

right

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16
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in decreased PCO2?

A

left

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17
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in increased temperature?

A

right

18
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in decreased temperature?

A

left

19
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in increased DPG?

A

right

20
Q

which way does the haemoglobin saturation curve shift in decreased DPG?

A

left

21
Q

how much greater is the affinity of CO for haemoglobin than O2?

A

250x

22
Q

what are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A 
hypoxia
anaemia
nausea
headaches
cherry red skin and mucous membranes
23
Q

what is hypoxia?

A

inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues

24
Q

what are the five types of hypoxia?

A 
hypoxaemic hypoxia
anaemic hypoxia
stagnant hypoxia
histotoxic hypoxia
metabolic hypoxia
25
Q

what is hypoxaemic hypoxia?

A

reduction in O2 diffusion at lungs either due to increased PO2atmos or tissue pathology

26
Q

what is anaemic hypoxia?

A

reduction in O2 carrying capacity of the blood due to anaemia (red blood cell loss / iron deficiency)

27
Q

what is stagnant hypoxia?

A

heart disease results in inefficient pumping of blood to lungs / around the body

28
Q

what is histotoxic hypoxia?

A

poisoning prevents cells utilising oxygen delivered to them e.g. carbon monoxide / cyanide

29
Q

what is metabolic hypoxia?

A

oxygen delivery to the tissues does not meet increased oxygen demand by the cells

30
Q

is respiratory acidosis caused by hypoventilation or hyperventilation?

A

hypoventilation

31
Q

does hyperventilation cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

A

respiratory alkalosis

32
Q

is alveolar ventilation greater at the base of the lung or the apex?

A

base

33
Q

is compliance greater at the base of the lung or the apex?

A

base

34
Q

what is the name of the nutritive circulation in the lungs?

A

bronchial circulation

35
Q

what is the name of the gas exchange circulation in the lungs?

A

pulmonary circulation

36
Q

is the flow through the pulmonary circulation high or low?

A

high

37
Q

is the pressure in the pulmonary circulation high or low?

A

low

38
Q

what is the average systolic pressure in the pulmonary circulation?

A

~ 25 mmHg

39
Q

what is alveolar dead space?

A

alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused

40
Q

what is anatomical dead space?

A

air in the conducting zone of the respiratory tract unable to participate in gas exchange

41
Q

what is physiological dead space?

A

alveolar dead space + anatomical dead space

Adele Respiratory 1 (8 decks)

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