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Adele Respiratory 1 > Physiology - Part 1 > Flashcards

Physiology - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four functions of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange
acid base balance
protection from infection
communication via speech

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2
Q

on average, how much oxygen is consumed per minute?

A

250ml

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3
Q

on average, how much carbon dioxide is produced per minute?

A

200ml

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4
Q

which structures constitute the upper respiratory tract?

A

mouth
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx

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5
Q

which structures constitute the lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

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6
Q

what maintains the patency of the airways in the trachea and bronchi?

A

C shaped rings of cartilage

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7
Q

what type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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8
Q

which are more abundant - type I or type II pneumocytes?

A

type I

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9
Q

what are type I pneumocytes responsible for?

A

gas exchange

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10
Q

what are type II pneumocytes responsible for?

A

producing surfactant

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11
Q

what does boyle’s law state?

A

that the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (P proportional to 1/V)

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12
Q

what does dalton’s law state?

A

the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

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13
Q

what does charles law state?

A

the volume occupied by a gas is directly related to the absolute temperature

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14
Q

what does henry’s law state?

A

the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by the pressure of the gas and its solubility in the liquid

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15
Q

is intrapleural pressure positive or negative?

A

negative

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16
Q

which muscles are used for inspiration?

A

external intercostals
diaphragm
sternocleidomastoids
scalenes

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17
Q

which muscles are used for expiration during high respiratory load?

A

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

18
Q

which muscles are used for expiration at rest?

A

expiration is passive at rest

19
Q

what is the tidal volume?

A

the volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs with each breath

20
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

21
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration

22
Q

what is the residual volume?

A

the volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

23
Q

which components make up the vital capacity?

A

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

24
Q

which components make up the total lung capacity?

A

vital capacity (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume) + residual volume

25
Q

which components make up the inspiratory capacity?

A

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

26
Q

which components make up the functional residual capacity?

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

27
Q

what does FEV1 mean?

A

forced expired volume in 1 second

28
Q

what does FEV1:FVC mean?

A

the fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

29
Q

what is pulmonary (minute) ventilation?

A

total air movement into / out of the lungs

30
Q

what is alveolar ventilation?

A

fresh air getting to alveoli and therefore available for gas exchange

31
Q

what is the alveolar partial pressure of O2 during normal ventilation?

A

100 mmHg / 13.3 kPa

32
Q

what is the alveolar partial pressure of CO2 during normal ventilation?

A

40 mmHg / 5.3 kPa

33
Q

is surfactant more effective in smaller alveoli or larger alveoli?

A

smaller alveoli - it’s more concentrated

34
Q

what is the name of the syndrome newborns suffer when they don’t produce enough surfactant?

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

35
Q

when there is a large increase in lung volume for a small increase in intrapleural pressure, does this correlate to hgih or low compliance of the lungs?

A

high compliance

36
Q

with low compliance, is there a small or a large increase in lung volume when there’s a large increase in intrapleural pressure?

A

small

37
Q

what is the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung disease?

A

obstructive is obstruction of air flow especially on expiration
restrictive is restriction of lung expansion

38
Q

what is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

80%

39
Q

how does the spirometry graph of someone with an obstructive lung disease compare to the normal one?

A

shallower and longer

40
Q

how does the spirometry graph of someone with an restrictive lung disease compare to the normal one?

A

shallower and shorter

41
Q

what does a low FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?

A

obstructive lung disease

42
Q

what does a high FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?

A

restrictive lung disease

Adele Respiratory 1 (8 decks)

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