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Cardio Step 1 > Physiology Part 2 > Flashcards

Physiology Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic arch transmits via _____ to __________

A

Vagus nerve, solitary nucleus of medulla

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2
Q

Aortic arch responds to….

A

Increase in BP

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3
Q

Carotid sinus transmits via _________ to _________

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, solitary nucleus of medulla

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4
Q

Carotid Sinus responds to…

A

Increase and decrease in BP

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5
Q

What is the organ with the largest blood flow (100% of CO)?

A

Lung

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6
Q

What is the organ with the largest share of systemic CO?

A

Liver

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7
Q

What is the organ with the highest blood flow per gram of tissue?

A

Kidney

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8
Q

What is the AV O2 extraction of the heart?

A

80%

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9
Q

Increased O2 demand in the heart is met by _________ not _____

A

Increased coronary blood flow, not increased extraction of O2

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10
Q

PCWP is a good approximation of….

A

Left atrial pressure

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11
Q

In mitral stenosis, PCWP is _____ LV diastolic P

A

Greater than

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12
Q

How do you measure PCWP?

A

Swan-Ganz catheter

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13
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the heart?

A

Local metabolites (vasodilatory): CO2, Adenosine, NO

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14
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the brain?

A

Local metabolites (vasodilatory): CO2 (pH)

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15
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the kidneys?

A

Myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback

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16
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the lungs?

A

Hypoxia causes vasoconstriction (unique)

17
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the skeletal muscle?

A

Local metabolites: Lactate, adenosine, K+

18
Q

Factors determining autoregulation in the skin?

A

SNS controlled by temperature

19
Q

What is Pc?

A

Capillary pressure that pushes fluid out of the capillary

20
Q

What is Pi?

A

Interstitial Fluid Pressure that pushes fluid in to the capillary

21
Q

What is pieC?

A

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure that pulls fuild into the capillary

22
Q

What is PieI?

A

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure that pulls fluid out of the capillary

23
Q

What is the equation for net filtration pressure?

A

Pnet=(Pc-Pi)-(PieC-PieI)

24
Q

What is Kf?

A

Filtration constant (capillary permeability)

25
Q

What is Jv?

A

Net fluid flow=(Kf)(Pnet)

26
Q

What is edema caused by?

A
  • Increased capillary pressure
  • Decreased plasma proteins
  • Increased capillary permeability
  • Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
27
Q

What causes increased capillary pressure (Pc)?

A

Heart failure

28
Q

What causes decreased plasma proteins (PieC)?

A
  • Nephrotic Syndrome

- Liver failure

29
Q

What causes increased capillary permeability (Kf)?

A

Toxins
Infections
Bruns

30
Q

What causes increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (PieI)?

A

Lymphatic Blockage

Cardio Step 1 (14 decks)

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