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Cardio Step 1 > Heart Murmur > Flashcards

Heart Murmur Flashcards

1
Q

MR/TR sound quality

A

Holosystolic, high pitched “blowing murmur”

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2
Q

MR is loudest at the _____ and radiates towards the ______

A

apex, axilla

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3
Q

What enhances MR?

A
  • increase TPR (squatting, hand gripping)

- LA return (exhalation)

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4
Q

MR is often due to…

A
  • Ischemic Heart Disease
  • Mitral Valve Prolapse
  • LV dilation
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • Infective endocarditis
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5
Q

TR is loudest at the ______ area and radiates to the ______.

A

Tricuspid area, R sternal border

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6
Q

What enhances TR?

A

-Increased RA return (inspiration)

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7
Q

TR is often due to…

A
  • RV dilation
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • Infective endocarditis
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8
Q

AS sound quality

A

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following EC

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9
Q

AS radiates to _____

A

carotids/heart base

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10
Q

AS pulses are _______ with a _______ peak

A

weak, delayed

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11
Q

AS can lead to…

A

SAD

Syncope, Angina, Dyspnea on exertion

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12
Q

AS is often due to…

A
  • Age related calcific aortic stenosis

- Bicuspid aortic valve

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13
Q

VSD sound quality

A

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur

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14
Q

VSD is loudest at _______

A

tricuspid area

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15
Q

VSD is accentuated with

A

hand grip maneuver

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16
Q

MVP sound quality

A

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

17
Q

MVP is best heard over _______ and is loudest at ______

A

the apex, S2

18
Q

MVP can predispose to…

A

Infective endocarditis

19
Q

MVP can be enhanced by…

A

Decreased VR

20
Q

MVP is often due to…

A
  • Myxomatous degneration
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Chordae rupture
21
Q

AR sound quality

A

Immediate high-pitched “blowing” diastolic decrescendo murmur

22
Q

AR pulses are ______ when chronic and patient can present with ______ pulses and ________

A

wide, bouding, head bobbing

23
Q

AR is often caused by…

A
  • Aortic root dilation
  • bicuspid aortic valve
  • endocarditis
  • rheumatic fever
24
Q

AR is enhanced by…

A

Hand grip

25
Q

AR is reduced by….

A

Vasodilators

26
Q

MS sound quality

A

Following an OS it is a delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur

27
Q

MS often caused by…

A

secondary to rheumatic fever

28
Q

MS is enhanced by…

A

Increased LA return (exhalation)

29
Q

PDA sound quality

A

continuous machine-like murmur

30
Q

PDA is loudest at…

A

S2

31
Q

PDA is often due to…

A
  • Congenital Rubella

- Prematurity

32
Q

PDA is best heard….

A

Left infraclavicular area

Cardio Step 1 (14 decks)

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