Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT - Fearghal > Physiology of Taste and Smell > Flashcards

Physiology of Taste and Smell Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of taste?

A

Taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two types of cells do taste buds contain?

A

Sensory receptor cells

Support Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structure are the arranged like?

A

Slices of an orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Taste receptors have a life span of…

A

10days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When they die, taste cells are replaced by from where?

A

Basal cells in the taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Taste buds are mainly contained in which areas?

A

Tongue
Pharynx
Palate
Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The majority of taste buds are where

A

the papillae on the dorsum of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the four types of papillae in the tongue

A

Vallate
Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the papillae contain taste buds? Which hold the majority of taste buds

A

Vallate
Fungiform
Foliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Binding of a tasting causes the cells to alter in what way?

A

The ionic channels become altered and depolarise the receptor potentials - receptor potentials then initiate the AP in the afferent nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cranial nerves conduct the signal to which area of the brain? through which other areas do they pass?

A

The cortical gustatory area

They pass through the brainstem and thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Afferent taste fibres reach the brainstem via the ….

A

Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Afferent taste fibres pass through the facial nerve in the ______ via its _______ branch

A

The facial nerve supplies taste in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue via its chorda tympani branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Afferent taste fibres pass through the glossopharyngeal nerve in the ______

A

posterior third of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Afferent taste fibres pass through the vagus nerve from the ______ and ______

A

Afferent taste fibres pass through the vagus nerve from the pharynx and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 5 primary tastes we can sense and what tastant stimulates them

A

Salty - chemical salts especially NaCl
Sour - acids (H+ ions)
Sweet - configurations of glucose
Bitter - diverse group including alkaloids, poisons and toxic plant derivatives
Umami (meat/savoury) - amino acids especially glutamate

17
Q

What is ageusia?

A

Loss of taste

18
Q

Name a few causes of ageusia

A 
nerve damage
Local inflammation (e.g. glossitis/radiation or tobacco induced inflammation) 
Some endocrine disorders
19
Q

What is Hypogeusia

A

reduced taste function

20
Q

Name a few causes of Hypogeusia

A

Chemotherapy

Medications

21
Q

What is dysgeusia?

A

Distortion of taste

22
Q

Name a few causes of dysgeusia

A 
Many causes including: 
Glossitis
Gum infection
Tooth decay
reflux
URTI
medications
Neoplasm
chemotherapy
zinc deficiency 
and many many more
23
Q

Where are the cells that detect smell?

A

the olfactory mucosa in the dorsal roof (ceiling) of the nose

24
Q

Name the three cells contained in the olfactory mucosa and their function

A

Olfactory receptor cells - detects odourants
Support cells - metabolic and physical for the olfactory receptor cells
Basal cells - mucous secreting cells

25
Q

Describe an olfactory receptor neuron

A

Short thick dendrite with an expanded ended called an olfactory rod

26
Q

From the olfactory rod there are a number of projections - what are they?

A

They are cilia (about 10-12 per receptor neurone).

27
Q

Where do odourants bind to, in order to produce smell?

A

The cilia on the olfactory rods.

28
Q

The afferent fibres from the olfactory rods travel through the _______.

A

Olfactory bulbs

29
Q

During normal quiet breathing your sense of smell will be equivalent to sniffing - true/false? Why/why not?

A

False. Because the olfactory mucosa lies above the normal air flow and so there is no odourants travelling to the mucosa except through diffusion during quiet breathing. When you sniff, turbulent airflow increases the amount of air reaching the olfactory mucosa.

30
Q

To be smelled a substance must be:

  1. _____________
  2. _____________
A
  1. Volatile enough so that some molecules can enter the nose with inspired air.
  2. Sufficiently water soluble to dissolve in the mucus layer coating the olfactory mucosa
31
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Complete loss of smell.

32
Q

What causes anosmia?

A

Viral infection
allergy
Nasal polyps
Head injury

33
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

Reduced ability to smell

34
Q

Causes of hyposmia include:

A

Viral infection, allergy, nasal polyps, head injury

35
Q

Hyposmia may be an early indicator of:

A

Parkinson’s disease

36
Q

What is dysosmia?

A

Altered sense of smell; including misinterpretation of smell and hallucination of smell.

ENT - Fearghal (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions