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ENT - Fearghal > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises posterior neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae column
Cervical spinal cord
Postvertebral musculature

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2
Q

What comprises anterior neck?

A 
Pre vertebral musculature
Pre vertebral fascia
Carotid sheaths
submandibular glands
Anterior cervical musculature
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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the hyoid lie?

A

C3

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4
Q

At what vertebral level does the notch of the thyroid cartilage lie?

A

C4

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5
Q

At what vertebral level does the Cricoid cartilage lie

A

C4 - C6

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6
Q

Which tracheal rings does the isthmus lie over?

A

2nd/3rd

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7
Q

Where does the cricothyroid ligament span from?

A

The inferior border of the thyroid cartilage to the superior border of the cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

The lower cricoid cartilage corresponds to the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae and 7 other things; name them

A
  • pharynx - oesophagus junction
  • Inferior thyroid artery/ middle thyroid vein enters/leaves the thyroid
  • Larynx - trachea junction
  • The site at which the carotid artery can be compressed against the transverse process of C6
  • the level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen in the 6th cervical vertebra
  • the superior belly of omohyoid crosses carotid sheath
  • The level of the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion
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9
Q

Name the three boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle

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10
Q

Name the three boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid
The mandible
midline

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11
Q

When the jaws are violently clenched the platysma comes into view - passing from the ______ over the _____ and lying in the deep/superficial fascia

A

When the jaws are violently clenched, the platysma comes into view - passing from the mandible over the clavicle and lying in the superficial fascia.

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12
Q

The internal/external jugular vein lies deep/superficial to the platysma muscle

A

The external jugular vein lies deep to the platysma muscle

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13
Q

the external jugular vein runs into the posterior triangle underneath sternocleidomastoid and penetrates the deep fascia at the level of the clavicle to enter the subclavian - true/false

A

False - the external jugular vein runs in the posterior triangle, crossing OVER sternocleidomastoid and penetrates the deep fascia at the level of the clavicle to enter the subclavian

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14
Q

What is the carotid artery pushed against to feel its pulse? Be specific

A

The anterior tubercle of C6 vertebra.

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15
Q

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

Level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

What does the palate separate?

A

the nasal and buccal (oral) cavities

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17
Q

The palate is divided into

A 
Soft palate (posterior)
Hard palate (anterior)
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18
Q

What constitutes the hard palate?

A

The palatine plate of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

19
Q

The sensory supply of the palate is mostly _______ but also has some fibres of _____ supplying its ______(anterior/posterior) compartment

A

The sensory supply of the palate is mostly CNV2 (maxillary division) but also has some fibres of CNIX (glossopharyngeal) supplying its posterior part

20
Q

Motor innervation for the palatine muscles is from _____ fibres in the ______ with the exception of ______ supplied by _______

A

Motor innervation for palatine muscles is from the vagus nerve fibres in the pharyngeal plexus with the exception of tensor veli palatini which is supplied by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.

21
Q

What is the real purpose of the soft palate

A

The soft palate closes off the nasopharynx from the buccal cavity during swallowing, speaking and blowing.

22
Q

The tongue consists of an ____ 2/3rds and a _____ 1/3rd

A

anterior 2/3rds

posterior 1/3

23
Q

the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is called the ______ tongue while the posterior third is the ______ tongue

A

Horizontal

Vertical

24
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior tongue?

A

the terminal sulcus (sulcus terminalis)

25
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

A shallow depression in the centre of the sulcus terminalis which is the embryological origin of the thyroid

26
Q

What is the frenulum linguae?

A

it is the thin strip of mucosa on the ventral tongue which holds the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity.

27
Q

The mucosa is thick around the frenulum and so it is impossible to see the lingual veins on either side of it - true/false

A

false - it is actually very thin and so you can see both lingual veins.

28
Q

The lingual nerve and artery lie medial/lateral to the lingual vein

A

Medial (but not visible)

29
Q

On either side of the base of the frenulum can be seen the orifice of the _______ duct(s)

A

On either side of the base of the frenulum can be seen the orifice of the submandibular glands

30
Q

What type of cells make up the dorsum of the tongue?

A

Thick stratified squamous epithelium

31
Q

The anterior two thirds of the tongue contains papillae - true/false

A

True

32
Q

Name the four types of tongue papillae. Which is most numerous?

A

filiform
fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

33
Q

How many of the types of tongue papillae contain taste buds? Which type contains most taste buds?

A

Fungiform
Vallate (majority)
Foliate

34
Q

What part of the tongue (anterior/posterior) makes up part of the Waldeyer Defensive ring of lymphoid tissues? What other structures make this ring?

A

The posterior 1/3rd of the tongue. No papillae but numerous lymphoid nodules. Palatine tonsil and adenoids are the other components

35
Q

There are ___ pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles - what do they do? the are mostly located ____ ____

A

4 pairs
They alter the shape of the tongue
Dorsally/posteriorly

36
Q

there are ___ pairs of extrinsic muscles. Name them and where they originate

A

4 pair
Genioglossus - symphysis menti of the mandible
Styloglossus - styloid process of the temporal bone
Hyoglossus - from the hyoid bone
palatoglossus - the soft palate

37
Q

What nerve(s) innervate(s) the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

Except palatoglossus - technically a muscle of the palate - therefore supplied by the vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)

38
Q

genioglossus does…?

A

Protrudes the tongue

39
Q

Styloglossus does…?

A

retracts the tongue

40
Q

Hyoglossus does…?

A

depresses the tongue

41
Q

palatoglossus does…?

A

Depresses the palate/narrows the oropharynx in swallowing

42
Q

What artery(ies) supply the tongue? Where do they arise from?

A

The right and left lingual branches of the external carotid arteries

43
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) supply the sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

A

The lingual branch of CNV and the gustatory fibres of the chords tympani branch of CNVII

ENT - Fearghal (9 decks)

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