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ENT - Fearghal > Ear Disease > Flashcards

Ear Disease Flashcards

1
Q

The frequency of tuning fork used to test hearing is usually _____Hz

A

512

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2
Q

What is rinne’s test?

A

Place the fork on the mastoid process and ask the patient to tell you when they stop hearing. Place it infront of the ear at this point and ask if they can hear it again. If they can this, this is rinne’s positive and is not conductive hearing loss.

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3
Q

What is weber’s test?

A

Place the base of the fork on the middle of the frontal bone and ask if there is a side that is heard louder in. If there is one ear, this is the ear that has a conductive loss and this is Weber’s positive

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4
Q

All consonants are (high/low) frequency while all vowels are (high/low) frequency in the english language

A

All consonants are high frequency while all vowels are low frequency in the english language

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5
Q

How does a tympanogram work?

A

It pushes air into the ear canal and tests the return of the ear.

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6
Q

What are the possible problems displayed, and how do they show up on a tympanogram?

A

Normal - mobile ossicles - A-gram
hypermobile ossicles - Ad gram
Fixed ossicles - As-gram
All same shape but Ad gram runs higher than A-gram and As-gram runs lower

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7
Q

What are the 6Ds of ear symptoms?

A 
Deafness
Discomfort
Discharge 
Dizziness
Defective facial movement
Din din (tinnitus)
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8
Q

Define conductive hearing loss.

A

A problem between the external auditory meatus and the middle-ear

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of conductive loss

A

Cholesteatoma

Otitis media

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10
Q

Define sensorineural hearing loss

A

There is a sensory/neural/both problem that is resulting in hearing loss

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11
Q

What can cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Sensory - cochlea

Neural - problem with the nerves e.g. vestibulocochlear

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12
Q

Deafness can be mixed between sensorineural and conductive - true/false

A

true

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13
Q

What is central hearing loss?

A

Both the conductive and sensorineural systems are intact but the patient is deaf due to damage in the acoustic centres of the brain e.g. stroke

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14
Q

Discomfort may be charged by a number of nerves; which nerves.

A

Vagus/facial/glossopharyngeal/trigeminal/nerves from C2/3.

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15
Q

What other ENT problem may present as earache due to a shared nervous supply?

A

Referred pain from tonsilitis

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16
Q

What is otorrhoea?

A

This is discharge from the ear.

17
Q

Where can dizziness be a problem from?

A

Ear

Brain

18
Q

Dizziness and hearing loss often occur together in the inner ear with inflammation of it - true/false

A

True

19
Q

Dizziness and hearing loss MUST come together with inflammation of the inner ear - true/false

A

False - can have one with out the other

20
Q

Define tinnitus

A

The sound of silence - this is the ringing in your ears when you enter a very quiet room

21
Q

What should you investigate, in order to exclude, for a patient with tinnitus?

A

look for a tumour.

22
Q

Tinnitus, which affects the patient’s QOL is treated using ear drops - true/false

A

False it is treated by trying to teach the patient to adapt to it.

23
Q

What percentage of the population does tinnitus ruin lives in?

A

2%

24
Q

What is Otitis media with Effusion

A

This is fluid behind the ear drum in the absence of infection.

25
Q

The eardrum is often perforated in OME - true/false

A

False - it is always intact

26
Q

OME causes some hearing loss and normally affects which age group?

A

Young kids

27
Q

What may OME present as?

A

often the children are developmentally delayed - do not speak and are disruptive and not paying attention in class - because they cannot hear.

28
Q

How is OME treated?

A

Grommets to drain the fluid and ventilate the middle ear.

29
Q

Chronic otitis media is _____

A

A perforation that hasn’t healed and so has a constant inflammation

30
Q

Chronic OM requires what to treat it?

A

ABx and then surgery to repair it

31
Q

Cholesteatoma is simply ____

A

Skin in the wrong place

32
Q

What type of epithelium lines the external auditory canal?

A

Squamous epithelium

33
Q

Where does squamous epithelium have to get to and proliferate in to form a cholesteatoma? How does it get here?

A

The middle ear

Stretching/perforation of the eardrum

34
Q

How do you treat a cholesteatoma?

A

Surgery

35
Q

You can have chronic otitis media or chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Which is more danger?

A

With cholesteatoma is more dangerous

must be diagnosed and recognised quickly. if so it is easier treated.

36
Q

What imaging modalities can you use for the ear?

A

CT Scanning

MRI

ENT - Fearghal (9 decks)

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