Physiology of Reproduction 2

Question 1

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 1

Testis

Question 2

Anteriorly, the testes are covered by a saclike extension of the peritoneum called what?

Answer 2

Tunica vaginalis

Question 3

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 3

White fibrous capsule

Question 4

Anatomy within the testes

Answer 4

Septa divide organ into compartments containing seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced

Question 5

Leydig cells

Answer 5

Clusters of cells between the seminiferous tubules
Source of testosterone

Question 6

Sertoli cells

Answer 6

Promote sperm cell development

Blood-testis barrier formed by tight junctions between sertoli cells (separates sperm from immune system)

Question 7

Seminiferous tubules drain into network called

Answer 7

Rete testis

Question 8

What divides the 2 compartments of the pendulous pouch holding testes?

Answer 8

Median septum

Question 9

Where does meiosis occur?

Answer 9

Seminiferous tubules

Question 10

Spermatogonia produces _ kinds of daughter cells

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Where do type A spermatogonia reside?

Answer 11

Outside the blood-testis barrier and produce more daughter cells until death.

Question 12

What type of spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes

Answer 12

Type B

Question 13

Meiosis I produces

Answer 13

2 secondary spermatocytes

Question 14

Meiosis II produces

Answer 14

4 spermatids

Question 15

Spermiogenesis is transformation of spermatids into

Answer 15

Spermatozoa (sprouts tail and discards cytoplasm to become lighter)

Question 16

300-600 sperm are made per gram of testis per __?

Answer 16

Second

Question 17

How long does it take for completion of spermatogenesis?

Answer 17

64 days

Question 18

Sertoli cells are stimulated by…

Answer 18

FSH

Question 19

Leydig cells are stimulated by…

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

What is the process for regulating spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

Hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis

Question 21

Spermatozoon shape

Answer 21

Pear-shaped head.
whole structure = 4-5 microns long
Nucleus, acrosome, basal body of tail flagellum.

3 parts of tail = midpiece (mitochondria), principal piece (axoneme surrounded by fibres) and endpiece (axoneme, narrow tip)

Question 22

Efferent ductules

Answer 22

12 small ciliated ducts collecting sperm from the rete testes and transporting it to the epididymis

Question 23

Epididymis

Answer 23

6m long coiled duct adhered to posterior testis.
Where sperm mature and stored

Question 24

Ductus vas deferens

Answer 24

45cm long tube passing from scrotum through inguinal canal to posterior surface of bladder. Widens into terminal ampulla.

Question 25

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 25

2cm duct from vas deferens and seminal vesicle. Passes through prostate into urethra.

Question 26

Constituents of semen

Answer 26

60% = seminal vesicle fluid
30% = prostatic
10% = sperm
Trace of bulbourethral fluid

Also contains fructose for energy for sperm motility
Fibrinogen
Clotting enzymes causing semen to clot
Prostaglandins stimulating female peristaltic contractions

Question 27

What is a normal sperm count?

Answer 27

50-120 million/ml

(fewer than 25 million/ml associated with infertility)