Growth and Puberty Flashcards
Quality and duration of p________ helps determine growth
pregancy
Growth = chondro_______
chondrogenesis
The hypothalamus produces ____ which stimulates GH from anterior pituitary
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)
The hypothalamus produces ____ which inhibits GH from anterior pituitary
Somatostatin
Where does GH act to stimulate IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor 1)?
Liver
Which cells make GH in the anterior pituitary gland?
Somatotroph cells
What time is secretion of GH maximum?
At night
IGF-1 increases or decreases glucose use?
decreases
IGF-1 increases or decreases lipolysis?
Increases
IGF-1 increases or decreases muscle mass?
Increase
Puberty describes the p____________,
morphological, and behavioural changes
as the gonads switch from infantile to
adult forms.
Physiological
What is the name for first menstrual bleed?
Menarche
Ovarian and _______ androgens control pubic and axillary hair in girls
adrenal
Ovarian __________ regulate the growth of
breast and female genitalia
oestrogens
What regulates external genitalia and pubic hair growth and enlargement of larynx and laryngeal muscles (voice deepens)?
Testicular androgens
Precocious puberty is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before _ years in girls, and _ years in boys
8 (girls)
9 (boys)
Delayed puberty: absence of secondary sexual
characteristics by __ yrs (girl), __ yrs (boy)
14 (girls)
16 (boys)
LH stimulates ______ cells to produce testosterone
Leydig cells
FSH stimulates _______ cells to produce inhibin (negative feedback loop)
sertoli
What stage of puberty is there increased stimulatory factors most prominently glutamate and kisspeptin
Start
What stage of puberty is there decreased inhibitory tone mostly through GABAergic neurons secreting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and opioidergic neurons
Start
If a boy has early puberty (precocious) why is this a red flag?
Could have a brain tumour
