physiology of nose Flashcards
What are the main functions of the nose?
A: Respiration, air-conditioning, protection, vocal resonance, nasal reflexes, olfaction.
What are the main functions of the nose?
A: Respiration, air-conditioning, protection, vocal resonance, nasal reflexes, olfaction.
What are the main functions of the nose?
A: Respiration, air-conditioning, protection, vocal resonance, nasal reflexes, olfaction.
What are the main functions of the nose?
A: Respiration, air-conditioning, protection, vocal resonance, nasal reflexes, olfaction.
How does the nose control the temperature of inspired air?
A: By adjusting blood flow in the nasal mucosa, acting as a “radiator” to warm or cool the air.
What is the function of nasal mucosa in humidification?
A: Adjusts humidity of inspired air to about 75%, evaporating around 1000 mL of water daily.
What is the mucociliary mechanism?
A: A continuous mucus layer with cilia that moves debris to the pharynx.
How do nasal secretions protect the airway?
A: They contain lysozyme, immunoglobulins, and enzymes that kill pathogens and trap particles.
How does the nose contribute to vocal resonance?
A: It forms a resonating chamber for nasal consonants, affecting speech clarity.
What are nasal reflexes?
A: Reflex actions such as sneezing, saliva secretion, and effects on pulmonary resistance.
What causes hyposmia?
A: Partial loss of smell due to nasal obstruction or mucosal issues.
What is anosmia?
A: Total loss of the sense of smell.
What is parosmia?
A: Altered perception of smell, often with unpleasant odors.
What is the olfactory pathway?
A: Olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity send signals through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb, then to the brain.
