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Lighting for Interiors > Physiology of Light > Flashcards

Physiology of Light Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the scientific study of functions and
mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of
biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ
systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out
the chemical and physical functions in a living system

A

Physiology

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2
Q

What are some negative effects light has on us?

A

Eyestrain, headaches, dizziness, skin
cancer, and premature aging of skin and eyes

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3
Q

light affects our?

A

Biorythms, hormones, and behavior

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4
Q

____ _____ coordinates bodily functions for being awake and sleeping

A

Circadian Rythm

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5
Q

_____ ____ m is an internal body rhythm that
cycles approximately every 24 hours

A

Circadian Rhythm

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6
Q

Circa means?

A

about

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7
Q

Dia means?

A

Day

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8
Q

Our ___ _____ regulates our biological processes to allow our bodies to conserve resources.

A

Circadian Clock

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9
Q

_____ _____ is lighting that is designed to have a biological impact on the human circadian system

A

Circadian Lighting

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10
Q

Daytime napping can lead to?

A

The development of Parkinson’s later in life

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11
Q

________, a G family coupled receptor, found within the ganglion cell layer in the retina, plays an important role in non-image-forming visual functions, including hormone secretion, entrainment of circadian rhythms, cognitive and affective processes.

A

Melanopsin

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12
Q

What does ipRGCs stand for?

A

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

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13
Q

______ ______ defines the Magnitude of Human Circadian Light

A

Melanopic Illuminance

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14
Q

WELL Building Standard has adopted melanopic lux in Feature ___ of their Light Concept.

A

L03

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15
Q

120, 150, 180, 240 vertical melanopic lux
for a minimum of 4 hours per day.
is what Well Building standard?

A

L03: Circadian Lighting Design

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16
Q

Fixtures have a luminance less than
10,000 cd/m2 between 45 °- 90° from
nadir, and/or an intensity of less than
1,000 candela between 45 °- 90° from
nadir. is what WELL building standard?

A

L04: Electric Light Glare Control

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17
Q

 Problems related to circadian rhythms are
associated with

A

SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder

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18
Q

_____ A condition associated with an individual’s
inadequate exposure to sunlight

A

SAD

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19
Q

Effects of _____: Depression, weight gain, lack of concentration, and sleeplessness

A

SAD

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20
Q

Dimentia sufferers affected by daylight change at
end of day can be defined as?

A

Sundowning

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21
Q

____ _____ successful in helping to regulate biological clock associated with circadian rhythm

A

Light therapy

22
Q

How many people in the US have a visual impairment?

A

16 million

23
Q

What does AMD stand for?

A

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

24
Q

Decrease in eye’s elasticity and thickening of the lens.
Affects visual acuity and the ability to see objects at
close range
Are all symptoms of?

A

Presbyopia

25
Q

_____ affects not only emotions but, cognitive
processes, memory, communication, and
perceptions

A

Light

26
Q

according to Flynn what type of lighting do people prefer?

A

Warm and dim

27
Q

___ reported a blue spectrum stimulates rods in the eyes

A

Rea

28
Q

___ suggests bluer light should be used in workplace

A

Navvab

29
Q

A proper amount of stimulation can?

A

Increase attentiveness
 Reduce fatigue
 Alter perceptions of time
 Promote positive moods

30
Q

Too much stimulation can cause?

A

anxiety and stress

31
Q

These are all examples of?
Glare
Flickering
Unnatural light patterns
Noise
Color Distortions

A

Excessive stimulation from lighting

32
Q

What are the 4 relationships that shape our understanding of where light is most effective?

A
  1. Adaptation
  2. Brightness
  3. Phototropism
  4. Vertical Vision
33
Q

______ design becomes a study of contrast and placement rather than an application of even light levels throughout a space.

A

Lighting

34
Q

High-noon sunglight is how many times brighter than full-moonlight?

A

tens of thousands

35
Q

_____ is the subjected judgment of lighted objects in an environment

A

Brightness

36
Q

____ is the product of contrast

A

Brightness

37
Q

“____” objects only need to be brighter than their neighbors

A

Bright

38
Q

Humans notice bright things and ignore dark things is?

A

Phototropism

39
Q

Humans tend to notice what is right in front of them this is called?

A

Vertical Vision

40
Q

What is a diurnal cycle?

A

any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as full rotation of the planet earth around its axis

41
Q

What does CRSWD stand for?

A

circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders (CRSWD)

42
Q

SCN stands for?

A

suprachiasmatic nuclei

43
Q

____ activity is also modulated by non-photic information via neurotransmitters and hormones such as serotonin [54] and melatonin [23], and from peripheral clocks in other tissues

A

SCN

44
Q

What are the 3 types of cones differing in their preference for light at specific wavelengths

A

Long wavelenght senstive cones (L Cones)
Medium wavelength sensitive cones (M Cones)
Short wavelength sensitive cones (S Cones)

45
Q

___ allow us to see color, spatial detail and motion at light levels typical for daytime

A

Cones

46
Q

____ are suppressed at daytime light levels and only signal at light levels typical for twilight and darker

A

Rods

47
Q

Rods are absent in the?

A

Fovea

48
Q

Can rods distinguish colors?

A

Nope

49
Q

What does RGCs stand for?

A

Retinal Ganglion Cells

50
Q

What do RGCs do?

A

integrate information and
send it to the brain via the optic nerve—express the photopigment melanopsin

51
Q

______ is a short-wavelength-sensitive pigment with a peak spectral sensitivity near
around 480 nm [4], rendering some RGCs intrinsically photosensitive

A

Melanopsin

Lighting for Interiors (15 decks)

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