physiology of immune response Flashcards
innate immunity
1st
fast
no specificity or memory
innate immunity cells
phagocytes eosinophils basophils mast cells NK cells
how are innate immune cells triggered to respond
pattern recognition receptors on innate cells bind to PAMPs or DAMPs triggering innate immune cells to repond
adaptive immunity
cell mediated immunity: T cells
humoral immunity: B cells
cell mediated immuniity
T cells
t helper cells: CD4+, different subsets that produce different cytokines
Treg cells: control and regulate immune response
cytotoxic T cells: CD8+, can kill cells infected by intracellular microbes
humoral immunity
B cell receptor which detects antigen is an antibody
A cell secreted antibody specific to only one antigen
antibody subsets
IgG IgM IgA IgD IgE
antibody structure
2 light chains and 2 heavy chains both with variable and constant regions
antibody function
bind and neutralise antigens
complement activation
immune complex formation
cellular toxicity
primary lymphoid tissue
thymus, bone marrow
T and B cells mature and those who respond to self antigens are deleted
secondary lymphoid tissue
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches
where lymphocyte response to foreign antigen is initiated
B cell antigen recognition
can recognise antigen in its naive state via Ig
T cell antigen recognition
only recognise antigens degraded and processed by antigen presentting cells
HLA molecules presented
MHC genes
cell surface proteins of antigens that can be presented to T cells
(HLA is human version)
MHC Class 1 and 2
1: presented to Tc
2: presented to Th
