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SLP A & P Exam 2 > Physiology Of Articulation > Flashcards

Physiology Of Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

Instrumentation in articulation

A

SEMG
Spectrogram
Nasometer
Phemotachograph

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2
Q

sEMG

A

Surface electomyography
Electrodes on the skin of the surface in order to read gross motor movement or potentials as the muscles move

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3
Q

Spectrogram

A

Measures speech by plotting sounds

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4
Q

Nasometer

A

Measures acoustic output of the nose
Helpful in determining the pharyngeal insufficiency because it can determine if a person has VPI

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5
Q

Phemotachograph

A

Measures air flow from the nose and from the mouth

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6
Q

Mandible elevators

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

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7
Q

Mandible depressors

A

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Cephalochoduli

A

From head to toe….haed develops more rapidly than legs

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9
Q

Proximodistally

A

Medial to distal. So we develop from the core outward
Posterior tongue control happens before anterior tongue control
Posterior tongue control is for sucking, anterior is for speech production

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10
Q

Gross motor before

A

Fine motor

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11
Q

Differentiation motor control

A

Increasingly complex, blends into articulatory activity

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12
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Important for baby to eat
Stroke baby’s cheek and the baby should immediately turn to whichever side the cheek was stroked

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13
Q

Gripping reflex

A

Grasp is enough to support their own weight

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14
Q

Toe curling reflex

A

Stroking the inner or outer sole of the infant’s foot causes the toes to splay

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15
Q

Moro or startle reflex

A

Sudden noise or movement causes the infant to throw their head back and extend arms and legs and cry

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16
Q

Gallant reflex

A

Stroke the infant’s lower back next to the spinal cord, they will curve towards the side that was stroked and look like a fencer doing it

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17
Q

Step reflex

A

Stepping motions when the soles of the feet touch a hard surface

18
Q

Tonic neck reflex

A

Head of a child who is relaxed and laying face up is moved to the side. Arm on the side where the head is facing reaches away from the body with the hand partly open. The arm on the other side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly

19
Q

Parachute reflex

A

Occurs in slightly older infants when the child is held upright and the baby’s body is rotated quickly to the faces, as in falling. Baby extends their arms forward to break the fall

20
Q

Blinking reflex (occur in adulthood)

A

If something comes toward your face you will blink and close your eyes

21
Q

Cough reflex (adulthood) and gag reflex

A

Self explanatory

22
Q

Newborn to adult physical changes

A

Nasopharynx enlarges, becomes more angled
Pharyngeal and oral cavities increase
Tongue descends
Tongue increases to 75% of adult tongue by 7
Vocal tract length increases (6-8 cm birth, 15-18 cm adult)
Hard palate increases
mandibular development, depth increases to accommodate tongue

23
Q

Development of vocal tract

A

Larynx and hyoid descendants
Rapid growth between birth and 2 years
Stable growth to 7 years

24
Q

Babies eaustachian tubes

A

Very horizontal causes infections.
Drain into the Nasopharynx

25
Q

Palatal lift

A

Ensures pressures within body are maintained
Reduces oral pressure for sound production
Diminished respiratory support without the palatal lift

26
Q

Palatal obturator

A

Close palatal defects after maxillectomy
Restore masticatory function
Improve speech
Preserve remaining teeth and tissue
Provide comfort, function, and aesthetics

27
Q

Coordinated articulation

A

Conceptual system
Phonological system
Muscle movement system

28
Q

Conceptual system

A

Represents sentences to be spoken
Selection of appropriate words to match the concepts
Selection of words to express and fit the preposition
Creates the idea to say something using particular words and grammar

29
Q

Phonological system

A

Syllable structure, phonemes, phonemic features, and phonological rules to put words together

30
Q

Muscle movement system

A

Muscles are initiated to produce the actual words
Tongue, lip, mandible all set in motion to produce the words that were created cognitively and develop the idea or say something
Mapped into muscular movements and change the oral cavity to represent the idea
Muscles move to produce ideas and targets

31
Q

Associated chain theory

A

Learn all of motor sequences to produce a particular sound

32
Q

Central control theory

A

Articulation requires precise activation of neurons and muscle fibers which is accurate, timely and results in correct movement
Feedback: sensory system plays a role in speech production
Does not account for articulatory variability

33
Q

Dynamic action theory

A

Effector systems group of articulators
Coordinative structures: Muscle groups that contribute to achieving goal of terminal affector
Trajectories: targets of movement
Functionally defined group of muscles and associated articulators are assigned a task, many different ways to complete task

34
Q

DIVA Model of sound production acronym

A

Directions into velocities of articulation

35
Q

DIVA theory explains

A

Motor equivalence
Contextual variability
Speech rate effects
Coarticulation

36
Q

Dominant inputs of DIVA

A

Auditory feedback and feedforward
Feedforward is sending a signal in anticipation of known cues

37
Q

Areas of the brain involved in DIVA

A

Pre motor cortex
Cerebellum
Auditory cortex
Somatosensory cortex

38
Q

Purpose of feedback DIVA

A

Used to create feedforward
Allows for modification of speech production
If saying a word wrong feedback sends a signal to your feed forward to fix it
Learning is accomplished through feedback system

39
Q

ALS Lou Gehrig disease

A

Progressive neruodegenerative disease that affects one’s ability to initiate and control voluntary muscle movement
Motor neurons degenerate and cannot send impulses to muscle fibers

40
Q

Apraxia

A

Deficit in motor planning for voluntary movement without any muscular weakness or paralysis
Oral, verbal and limb apraxia

SLP A & P Exam 2 (7 decks)

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