Articulation -Facial Bones

Question 1

What is articulation

Answer 1

The process of joining two components together
Mobile and immobile stuctures brought together into contact for the purpose of producing speech
Articulators are one group, bones are another
Bones articulate with one another

Question 2

Source filter theory

Answer 2

Voicing source is generated by the vocal folds, directed though the vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech
Vocal folds produce quasi periodic tone
Frequency decreases as volume increases
Resonant frequencies govern our perception of vowel

Question 3

What is resonant frequency

Answer 3

Frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds, which is dictated by volume and length
Changing the shape of the vocal tract, you can change the resonant frequency

Question 4

Why is there a quasi periodic vocal fold makeup

Answer 4

Quasi periodic versus periodic is a semi consistent versus a consistent occurrence at regular intervals
Tone passes through the filter of the vocal tract and sound changes because the vocal tract is moveable or malleable

Question 5

What are consonants

Answer 5

Phonation and turbulence

Question 6

Mobile articulators

Answer 6

Tongue
Mandible
Velum
Lips
Cheeks
Fauces
Pharynx
Larynx
Hyoid

Question 7

What is speech?

Answer 7

It is a product of sending an acoustic source or phonation through a filter or the vocal tract

Question 8

Resonant frequency characteristics

Answer 8

Based on the shape and volume of the cavity, and it governs the perception of vowels versus the vocal folds
Less surface area creates a high pitch, so larynx and pharynx are constricted

Question 9

What are the immobile articulators

Answer 9

Alveolar ridge
Hard palate
Teeth

Question 10

Bones of the skull

Answer 10

28 total bones, 3 groups
14 facial skeleton
8 cranial skeleton
6 middle ear (bilateral)

Question 11

Facial bones

Answer 11

Mandible
Maxillae
Nasal
Palatine bone
Vomer
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae

Question 12

Mandible characteristics

Answer 12

Single bone - forms in 2 halves and fuses at the mandibular synthesis
2 sections
Body - mental formamen, alveolar process, mental protuberance
Ramus - angle of mandible, mandibular notch (coronoid and condylar process)
Strongest single bone in face, used to generate chewing and biting

Question 13

Mandible mental foramen

Answer 13

Each side of the body that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through, particularly the trigeminal nerve and the alveolar process

Question 14

Ramus - mandible

Answer 14

Lies perpendicular to the body
Mandibular notch located at the superior top end
Depression at the top divides into 2 processes

Question 15

Coronoid process - mandible

Answer 15

Upward projection anterior portion and the temporal muscle inserts here

Question 16

Condylar process - mandible

Answer 16

Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Question 17

Inner surface of the mandible

Answer 17

Superior and inferior mental spines and the mylohyoid line

Question 18

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 18

Ginglymoarhrodial joint (hinging and sliding)

Question 19

Function of temporomandibular joint

Answer 19

Chewing, sucking, swallowing, phonation, facial expressions, breathing, protrusion and retraction lateralization, opening the mouth, maintain the correct pressure of the middle ear

Question 20

Maxillae landmarks

Answer 20

Alveolar process
Zygomatic process
Palantine process
Frontal process
Infraorbital margin
Infraorbital foramen
Lacrimal groove

Question 21

Maxillae palatine process landmarks

Answer 21

Incisive foramen
Medial palatine suture
Premaxillae
Incisive suture

Question 22

Other maxillae landmarks

Answer 22

Nasal crest
Anterior nasal spine
Maxillary sinus - largest of perinasal sinus and lined with a mucosal membrane

Question 23

Nasal bones

Answer 23

Form bridge of upper nose
Sits in between frontal process of maxilla

Question 24

Palatine bone

Answer 24

Paired bones
Horizontal plate (transverse palatine suture, nasal crest, posterior nasal spine)
Perpendicular plate (orbital process, articulates with sphenoid bone)

Question 25

Nasal conchae

Answer 25

Thin bones forms shelf along inner surface of side of nasal cavity Inferior, middle, superior Lies above the roof of the mouth Helps with warming and humidifying air Aka turbinants b/c they function like turbines funneling air during inhalation

Question 26

Vomer

Answer 26

Unpaired Forms posterior, inferior portions of nasal septum Articulates with ethmoid bone superior lay, palatine bone laterally Sits in the nasal crest Vertical plate that separates the nares into 2 separate aspects

Question 27

Zygomatic bones

Answer 27

Paired Landmarks: frontal process, temporal process (zygomatic arch), maxillary process Cheekbones

Question 28

Lacrimal bone

Answer 28

Smallest bone in facial skeleton Fills in portion of medial wall of eye orbit Thin plate like bone Posterior and lateral to the nasal bones Forms the lateral sulcus Depression for the nasal lacrimal duct, where tears are formed

Question 29

Hyoid bone

Answer 29

Upper end of larynx Connects articulatory and Phonatory systems

Question 30

Cleft lip and palate

Answer 30

Cleft lip - unilateral or bilateral, occurs along the premaxillary suture because the cleft follows the suture lines on the philtril ridge Occurs during the 4th-7th week of pregnancy…failure of embryonic facial and labial tissue to fuse Cleft palate - can involve both hard and soft palate Forms during the 6th-9th week of pregnancy Tongue should drop away from the processes during development unless something blocks the tongue such as micronathia Can be due to a birth defect or genetic condition or syndrome

Question 31

Communication disorders in cleft palate

Answer 31

Difficulty with: Speech Resonance Voice Language development Hearing

Question 32

Complications of cleft palate

Answer 32

Prone to more ear infections Prone to being more sick because no barrier in mouth Babies have to feed upright or side lying Could have difficulties in hearing as well which plays a role in speech, resonance and voice

Question 33

Cranial skeleton

Answer 33

Ethmoid Sphenoid Frontal Parietal - paired Occipital Temporal - paired

Question 34

Sutures in cranial skeleton

Answer 34

Squamosal: b/w temporal and parietal Lambdoidal: b/w occipital and parietal, at back Occipitomastoid: b/w occipital and mastoid process, at back Coronal: runs across the top of skull b/w frontal and parietal Sagittarius: runs from to back, separates parietal bones

Question 35

Ethmoid

Answer 35

Smallest bone in the cranium Seals base of cranium b/w eye orbits

Question 36

Sphenoid bone

Answer 36

Looks like a bat, butterfly, moth Keystone of the cranial floor

Question 37

Frontal bone

Answer 37

Unpaired

Question 38

Parietal bones

Answer 38

Paired, flat Articulates with 5 other bones

Question 39

Occipital bone

Answer 39

Unpaired Articulates with temporal, parietal, sphenoid bones Foramen magnum - very important because the cranial nerves, arteries and other aspects go through it

Question 40

Temporal bone

Answer 40

Paired Articulates w/ parietal, occipital, sphenoid, zygomatic