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SLP A & P Exam 2 > Articulation -Facial Bones > Flashcards

Articulation -Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is articulation

A

The process of joining two components together
Mobile and immobile stuctures brought together into contact for the purpose of producing speech
Articulators are one group, bones are another
Bones articulate with one another

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2
Q

Source filter theory

A

Voicing source is generated by the vocal folds, directed though the vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech
Vocal folds produce quasi periodic tone
Frequency decreases as volume increases
Resonant frequencies govern our perception of vowel

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3
Q

What is resonant frequency

A

Frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds, which is dictated by volume and length
Changing the shape of the vocal tract, you can change the resonant frequency

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4
Q

Why is there a quasi periodic vocal fold makeup

A

Quasi periodic versus periodic is a semi consistent versus a consistent occurrence at regular intervals
Tone passes through the filter of the vocal tract and sound changes because the vocal tract is moveable or malleable

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5
Q

What are consonants

A

Phonation and turbulence

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6
Q

Mobile articulators

A

Tongue
Mandible
Velum
Lips
Cheeks
Fauces
Pharynx
Larynx
Hyoid

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7
Q

What is speech?

A

It is a product of sending an acoustic source or phonation through a filter or the vocal tract

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8
Q

Resonant frequency characteristics

A

Based on the shape and volume of the cavity, and it governs the perception of vowels versus the vocal folds
Less surface area creates a high pitch, so larynx and pharynx are constricted

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9
Q

What are the immobile articulators

A

Alveolar ridge
Hard palate
Teeth

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10
Q

Bones of the skull

A

28 total bones, 3 groups
14 facial skeleton
8 cranial skeleton
6 middle ear (bilateral)

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11
Q

Facial bones

A

Mandible
Maxillae
Nasal
Palatine bone
Vomer
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae

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12
Q

Mandible characteristics

A

Single bone - forms in 2 halves and fuses at the mandibular synthesis
2 sections
Body - mental formamen, alveolar process, mental protuberance
Ramus - angle of mandible, mandibular notch (coronoid and condylar process)
Strongest single bone in face, used to generate chewing and biting

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13
Q

Mandible mental foramen

A

Each side of the body that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through, particularly the trigeminal nerve and the alveolar process

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14
Q

Ramus - mandible

A

Lies perpendicular to the body
Mandibular notch located at the superior top end
Depression at the top divides into 2 processes

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15
Q

Coronoid process - mandible

A

Upward projection anterior portion and the temporal muscle inserts here

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16
Q

Condylar process - mandible

A

Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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17
Q

Inner surface of the mandible

A

Superior and inferior mental spines and the mylohyoid line

18
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Ginglymoarhrodial joint (hinging and sliding)

19
Q

Function of temporomandibular joint

A

Chewing, sucking, swallowing, phonation, facial expressions, breathing, protrusion and retraction lateralization, opening the mouth, maintain the correct pressure of the middle ear

20
Q

Maxillae landmarks

A

Alveolar process
Zygomatic process
Palantine process
Frontal process
Infraorbital margin
Infraorbital foramen
Lacrimal groove

21
Q

Maxillae palatine process landmarks

A

Incisive foramen
Medial palatine suture
Premaxillae
Incisive suture

22
Q

Other maxillae landmarks

A

Nasal crest
Anterior nasal spine
Maxillary sinus - largest of perinasal sinus and lined with a mucosal membrane

23
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form bridge of upper nose
Sits in between frontal process of maxilla

24
Q

Palatine bone

A

Paired bones
Horizontal plate (transverse palatine suture, nasal crest, posterior nasal spine)
Perpendicular plate (orbital process, articulates with sphenoid bone)

25
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Thin bones forms shelf along inner surface of side of nasal cavity
Inferior, middle, superior
Lies above the roof of the mouth
Helps with warming and humidifying air
Aka turbinants b/c they function like turbines funneling air during inhalation

26
Q

Vomer

A

Unpaired
Forms posterior, inferior portions of nasal septum
Articulates with ethmoid bone superior lay, palatine bone laterally
Sits in the nasal crest
Vertical plate that separates the nares into 2 separate aspects

27
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Paired
Landmarks: frontal process, temporal process (zygomatic arch), maxillary process
Cheekbones

28
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Smallest bone in facial skeleton
Fills in portion of medial wall of eye orbit
Thin plate like bone
Posterior and lateral to the nasal bones
Forms the lateral sulcus
Depression for the nasal lacrimal duct, where tears are formed

29
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Upper end of larynx
Connects articulatory and Phonatory systems

30
Q

Cleft lip and palate

A

Cleft lip - unilateral or bilateral, occurs along the premaxillary suture
because the cleft follows the suture lines on the philtril ridge
Occurs during the 4th-7th week of pregnancy…failure of embryonic facial and labial tissue to fuse
Cleft palate - can involve both hard and soft palate
Forms during the 6th-9th week of pregnancy
Tongue should drop away from the processes during development unless something blocks the tongue such as micronathia
Can be due to a birth defect or genetic condition or syndrome

31
Q

Communication disorders in cleft palate

A

Difficulty with:
Speech
Resonance
Voice
Language development
Hearing

32
Q

Complications of cleft palate

A

Prone to more ear infections
Prone to being more sick because no barrier in mouth
Babies have to feed upright or side lying
Could have difficulties in hearing as well which plays a role in speech, resonance and voice

33
Q

Cranial skeleton

A

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal
Parietal - paired
Occipital
Temporal - paired

34
Q

Sutures in cranial skeleton

A

Squamosal: b/w temporal and parietal
Lambdoidal: b/w occipital and parietal, at back
Occipitomastoid: b/w occipital and mastoid process, at back
Coronal: runs across the top of skull b/w frontal and parietal
Sagittarius: runs from to back, separates parietal bones

35
Q

Ethmoid

A

Smallest bone in the cranium
Seals base of cranium b/w eye orbits

36
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Looks like a bat, butterfly, moth
Keystone of the cranial floor

37
Q

Frontal bone

A

Unpaired

38
Q

Parietal bones

A

Paired, flat
Articulates with 5 other bones

39
Q

Occipital bone

A

Unpaired
Articulates with temporal, parietal, sphenoid bones
Foramen magnum - very important because the cranial nerves, arteries and other aspects go through it

40
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired
Articulates w/ parietal, occipital, sphenoid, zygomatic

SLP A & P Exam 2 (7 decks)

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