Physiology lesson 2

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

The Ascending pathway… awareness of stimulus/changes in internal and external environment

Question 2

What are the subtopics of receptor classification by location?

Answer 2

1) exteroceptor
2)interoceptor
3)proprioceptor

Question 3

Exteroceptors include?

Answer 3

skin and most receptors of the special sensce (vision, hearing, equilibirum, smell, taste)

Question 4

Another name for interoceptor?

Answer 4

visceroceptors

Question 5

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 5

Like interoceptors but location in skeletal muscle, joint, ligaments, CT

Question 6

What gives information concerning movement and position of body

Answer 6

proprioceptor

Question 7

Give examples of complex receptors?

Answer 7

Photorecpeotrs
Hair cells
Taste cells

Question 8

Simple receptors are also known as?

Answer 8

General sensory receptors

Question 9

General sensory receptors include what types of nerve endings

Answer 9

encapsulated or nonencapsultaed (free)

Question 10

Give 3 examples of nonencapsulated

Answer 10

1) free nerve endings
2)Merkel cells (light pressure)
3)Hair follicle receptors(mosquto landing on your arm)

Question 11

Free nonencapsulated nerve endings mostly respond to what?

Answer 11

Pain and tempreture abit of pressure and itch

Question 12

Describe the type of fibers free nonencapsulated nerve endings are

Answer 12

sensory fibers are non mylenated, small diamete C-fiber

Question 13

ALL encapsulated receptors are what?
-thermoreceptor
-photoreceptor
-Mechanoreceptors
-chemoreceptor

Answer 13

Mechanoreceptors

Question 14

List the 6 types of encapsulated receptors

Answer 14

1) Tactile corpuscle(meisner)
2)Lamellar corpuscles (pacinian)
3)Bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini)
4)muscle spindle
5)Tendon organs
6)joint kinesthetic receptor

Question 15

Where is Tactile corpuscle found?

Answer 15

beneath epidermis in dermal pappillae

Question 16

Where is lamellar corpuscle found?

Answer 16

Scattered in dermis and subcutanous tissue

Question 17

Where are bulbous corpuscles found?

Answer 17

dermis and subcutanous tissue.

Question 18

Types of proprioceptors

Answer 18

1)muscle spindles
2)tendon organ

Question 19

What are the 3 important criteria for a stimulus to excite a receptor and action potentials to reach
the CNS.

Answer 19

1)The stimulus energy must match the specificity of the receptor
2)The stimulus must be applied within a sensory receptor’s receptive field
3) The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential, a process called
transduction.

Question 20

What are two types of graded potenial?

Answer 20

1)generator potential: generates AP in sensory neuron
2)receptor potenital: GP occurs in another cell

Question 21

What is a nerve?

Answer 21

cordlike organ part of peripheral system

Question 22

Each axon/nerve fiber is surrounded by what?

Answer 22

endoneurium

Question 23

What is the connective tissue … binds groups
of axons into bundles called fascicles

Answer 23

perineurium

Question 24

What surpressess CNS axon regeneration?

Answer 24

Oligodendrocytes they are studded with growth-inhibiting proteins + astrocytes at site of injury form scar tissue that blocks axon regrowth

Question 25

What is A tough fibrous sheath that encloses all fasicles to from a nerve

Answer 25

epineurium

Question 26

What is dermatome?

Answer 26

dermatomes help us understand which spinal nerves control different parts of our body’s skin sensation.They’re like the wiring system that connects our skin to our brain, helping us sense and respond to the world around us.

Question 27

What are Phasic receptors ?

Answer 27

fast changes in internal external environment

Question 28

What are tonic receptors

Answer 28

Sustained response/NO adaptation example is nociceptors and proprioceptors because protective importance

Question 29

What is sensory acuity?

Answer 29

Refers to how accurately a stimulus can be located the degree of it varies between area of body depending on function. Eg. finger tips require greater sensory acuity than forearms.